A numerical investigation of reactive air pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons with tree planting
2016
Moradpour, Maryam | Afshin, Hossein | Farhanieh, Bijan
Vegetation acts as a momentum and thermal sink, affecting the mixing of species and temperature-dependent constants of reaction rates. Numerical simulations were performed to investigate the effects of vegetation on the dispersion of reactive pollutants using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model coupled with NO-NO2-O3 photochemistry. Moreover, characteristics of temperature and flow fields were analyzed for different aspect ratios and leaf area densities. The results showed that flow is reversed in the presence of trees, and it enhances as leaf area density (LAD) increases; additionally, vegetation creates downward and vortex flows. The results also revealed that the dispersion of nitrogen oxides is influenced by the flow patterns; nevertheless, chemical reactions are significant for the dispersion of ozone. In addition, the vegetation is observed to weaken ventilation efficiency of NO and NO2; however, ventilation efficiency of O3 improves in LAD = 0.5 and 1.0. Aspect ratios and leaf area densities are also found to interact with each other; consequently, the optimum LAD is different for each aspect ratio. The larger regions with maximum concentrations of nitrogen oxides at the height of 2 m for aspect ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 correspond to LAD = 2.0, 1.5, and 1.0, respectively. Furthermore, vegetation as compared to tree-free environment, mostly leads to a better chemical equilibrium.
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