Phosphorus fertilization and inflorescence removal in American ginseng culture
2015
Kołodziej, Barbara | Sugier, Danuta | Kwiatkowski, Cezary
The recent increase in the demand for American ginseng as a health food supplement has stimulated interest in studying the possibility of improvement of its yield and quality. The current study was aimed at determination of the optimum conditions for high-yielding raw material production by increasing phosphorus fertilization and manual inflorescence removal. The four-year-long field experiment clearly demonstrates that phosphorus plays an important role in American ginseng yield and quality. Along with increasing P doses, improvement in the root shape and weight, ginsenoside content and yield was observed. A similar tendency was noted in the case of leaf and stem; however, they contained higher amounts of ginsenosides and could be a valuable source of active substances under study (especially Rb2, Re, and Rd). Deflowering during three of the four vegetation periods of American ginseng resulted in the highest yield of aerial parts (by 24%) and the highest root yield (by 86%), whereas deflowering performed in the 2nd and 3rd year was connected with a 31% increase in root and 16% in leaf and stem yield, compared with the treatment with no inflorescence removal. Deflowering was also connected with higher root weight and a higher content of ginsenosides. Moreover, by increasing the phosphorus dose, reduction of the raw material yield caused by discontinuation of inflorescence removal can be narrowed.
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