Effect of Microelement Loads on the Element Fractions of Soil and Plant Uptake
2006
Rékási, Márk | Filep, T.
The effect of microelement loads was investigated on the mobile (1 <i>M</i> NH <sub>4</sub> NO <sub>3</sub> soluble), mobilizable (NH <sub>4</sub> -acetate + EDTA soluble) and pseudo total (cc. HNO <sub>3 </sub> + H <sub>2</sub> O <sub>2</sub>) element concentrations of a calcareous chernozem soil in a long-term field experiment. Salts of 13 microelements were applied on four levels: 0, 90, 270 and 810 kg/ha in the spring of 1991 prior to sowing maize. The relations between the mobile, mobilizable and pseudo total fractions of a heavy metal contaminated soil were defined and quantified. According to this, Ba, Mo, Sr and Se have the greatest mobility, while Cu, Ni and Zn showed strong fixation on the examined soil. The maximum quantities of elements incorporated in the whole above-ground yield of maize were as follows (in g/ha): Al 1548, Zn 543, Mo 352, Ba 269, Cd 201, Se 153, Sr 116, Cu 64, Pb 22, Ni 15, Hg 8, Cr 4 and As <1. Transfer coefficients calculated as a quotient of different soil element fractions and maize grain and stem element contents were compared. In the case of grain the greatest accumulation was found in relation to the Ni, Cu and Se contents of the mobile fraction. The coefficient values were 3, 5 and 7, respectively. Coefficients for stem may exceed those obtained for grain. The accumulation decreases as a function of loads. The coefficients for NH <sub>4</sub> NO <sub>3</sub> extractions show the greatest standard deviation, thus this quotient indicates the heavy metal and toxic element accumulation in plants with the greatest sensitiveness.
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