Bioactive Porous Biocomposites Coated Magnesium Alloy Implant for Bone Rejuvenation Using a Fracture in Rat Model

Bone fractures/defects are normal in more established individuals experiencing osteoporosis. In this work, we have explored osteoblast bond, multiplication, and separation on biocomposites of bioactive dual minerals substituted hydroxyapatite/alginate-chitosan/graphene oxide porous biocomposites coated magnesium alloy (AZ91 Mg alloy). Hydroxyapatite is one the most important mineral constituents for bony which, due to its bioactive and histocompatible properties, is commonly used as a material for hard tissue substitution. However, the use of apatite as hard tissue implants is restricted due to its fragile nature and reduced mechanical properties. To overcome this defect and to generate suitable bone implant material, dual minerals substituted hydroxyapatite (DM-HAP) is combined with biodegradable polymer alginate-chitosan (ALG-CS). Graphene oxide (GO) is integrated into the biocomposite, which has long been believed for soft and hard tissue implants owing to its excellent structural and mechanical properties, to enhance the mechanical properties of the biocomposite. Graphene oxide grounds are most important for the reconstruction of bone; new, outstanding DM-HAP/ALG-CS/GO scaffold on Mg alloy has been developed. As developed coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX). Besides, the mechanical strength of the coating has also been assessed using adhesion and Vickers micro-hardness tests. In furtherer, the antibacterial activity of the composite was studied against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and cell viability were observed in vitro against osteoblast cells and in vivo in rats. As a result, the results obtained propose that DM-HAP/ALG-CS/GO biocomposite can be believed as a prospective applicant for biomedical applications.