Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the food components from water and sediments in the coastal waters of Kalpakkam, Southeast coast of India
2022
Adani, Param | Sawale, Amol Ashok | Nandhagopal, Ganesan
The bioaccumulation of heavy metals in two fish samples along with the water and sediment samples from the coastal waters of Kalpakkam, Southeast coast of India were investigated in this study. The concentration of the metals in the surface waters were in the order Fe (61.30 to 89.68 µg/L) > Zn (29.45 to 36.44 µg/L) > Pb (2.46 to 4.82 µg/L) > Cu (3.04 to 4.36 µg/L) > Cr (1.86 to 4.09 µg/L) > Mn (2.16 to 2.63 µg/L) > Cd (0.78 to 1.94 µg/L) > As (BDL), whereas the trend in the sediment was Fe (3067.40 to 4545.74 mg/Kg) > Zn (8.34 to 10.69 mg/Kg) > Cr (6.48 to 8.86 mg/Kg) > Pb (0.32 to 0.60 mg/Kg) > Cu (3.59 to 5.07 mg/Kg) > Mn (1.83 to 2.77 mg/Kg) > Cd (1.88 to 2.53 mg/Kg) > As (BDL). The bioaccumulation trend of heavy metals in the fish muscles were Fe (18.71–78.48 mg/Kg) > Zn (15.87–26.27 mg/Kg) > Cu (3.61–4.59 mg/Kg) > Mn (0.8–3.48 mg/Kg) > Cr (0.54–1.45 mg/Kg) > Pb (0.24–0.89 mg/Kg) > Cd (0.27–0.47 mg/Kg) > As (BDL). The Overall Metal Pollution Index and Pollution Load Index results suggest that the coast of Kalpakkam is slightly polluted by heavy metals, where KLP-2 station has higher MPI and PLI compared to other stations. But the Target Hazard Quotient, Bio-Accumulation Factor and Bio-Sediment Accumulation Factor suggest that the marine foods of Kalpakkam are free from heavy metal carcinogenic impacts to humans, despite that, THQ for Cd and Cr is high. It may pose a threat to humans if concentration rises in due time. Spatial and seasonal monitoring regularly is warranted to prevent the health risks of the populace along the coast of Kalpakkam.
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