Phenylcyclopropane Energetics and Characterization of Its Conjugate Base: Phenyl Substituent Effects and the C–H Bond Dissociation Energy of Cyclopropane
2016
Fattahi, Alireza | Lis, Lev | Kass, Steven R.
The α-C–H bond dissociation energy (BDE) of phenylcyclopropane (1) was experimentally determined using Hess’ law. An equilibrium acidity determination of 1 afforded ΔH°ₐcᵢd = 389.1 ± 0.8 kcal mol–¹, and isotopic labeling established that the α-position of the three-membered ring is the favored deprotonation site. Interestingly, the structure of the base proved to be a key factor in correctly determining the proper ionization site (i.e., secondary amide ions are needed, and primary ones and OH– lead to incorrect conclusions since they scramble the deuterium label). An experimental measurement of the electron affinity of 1-phenylcyclopropyl radical (EA = 17.5 ± 2.8 kcal mol–¹) was combined with the ionization energy of hydrogen (313.6 kcal mol–¹) to afford BDE = 93.0 ± 2.9 kcal mol–¹. This enabled the effect of the phenyl substituent to be evaluated and compared to other situations where it is attached to an sp³- or sp²-hybridized carbon center. M06-2X, CCSD(T), G4, and W1BD computations were also carried out, and a revised C–H BDE for cyclopropane of 108.9 ± 1.0 kcal mol–¹ is recommended.
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