Prediction of adherence to a gluten‐free diet using protection motivation theory among adults with coeliac disease
2016
Dowd, A. J. | Jung, M. E. | Chen, M. Y. | Beauchamp, M. R.
BACKGROUND: Coeliac disease is a chronic autoimmune disease that requires strict adherence to a gluten‐free diet. However, strict adherence to a gluten‐free diet is difficult, with findings from a recent review suggesting that up to 42% of individuals with coeliac disease do not eat a strict gluten‐free diet. METHODS: The present study aimed to examine psychosocial predictors of adherence (purposeful and accidental) to a gluten‐free diet among adults with coeliac disease over a 1‐month period. In this longitudinal study, 212 North American adults with coeliac disease completed online questionnaires at two time points, baseline and 1 month later. RESULTS: The results revealed that intentions partially mediated the effects of symptom severity, self‐regulatory efficacy, planning and knowledge on purposeful gluten consumption. Intentions did not mediate the effects of severity, response cost, self‐regulatory efficacy, planning and knowledge for accidental gluten consumption but, interestingly, self‐regulatory efficacy directly predicted fewer accidental incidents of gluten‐consumption. CONCLUSIONS: These findings delineate the differential psychological processes in understanding accidental and purposeful gluten consumption among adults with coeliac disease and emphasise the importance of bolstering self‐regulatory efficacy beliefs to prevent accidental and purposeful consumption of gluten.
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