Delimitacion de areas salinas en el distrito de riego de Caborca, Sonora, Mexico | Delimitation of saline areas in the irrigation district of Caborca, Sonora, Mexico
2004
Zamudio-Gonzalez, B. | Lopez-Perez, L. | Alcantar-Gonzalez, G. | Gonzalez-Eguiarte, D.R. | Ruiz-Corral, J.A. | Castellanos, J.Z.
Even though soil degradation due to excess salt is an on-going problem and a latent risk in more than 115 000 ha of the irrigation districts of the coast of Sonora, Mexico, there are no systematic and updated regional studies of how this problem has advanced. For this reason, the objective of the present study was to delimit the potentially saline areas and to determine the degree of salinity of the Caborca irrigation district. Information related to soil physical and chemical properties from a description of 125 agrological profiles, done in 1995, was used; these data were complemented with information from agrological wells described in edaphological maps from DGETENAL in 1982. Non-parametric statistics were used to establish correlation between soil physical and chemical properties and variables indicating salinity, such as electrical conductivity, in order to delimit areas of potential salinization. With the results of this analysis, three physical variables were identified as potential causes of salinization: presence of at least one layer of fine silt and/or clay, slow internal drainage and cloddy soil structure. Using photo-interpretation, saline areas were delimited by correlating attributes of aerial photographs of the region with field data of salt content. Results of the photo-interpretation process were digitized with the geographic information system (GIS) ILWIS to obtain a map of areas of potential salinization, from which it was concluded that 55.68% of the watershed has some degree of salt excess.
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