Effects of interactions between polygalacturonase and pesticide residues during enzymatic hydrolysis on the yield of apple juice
2021
Li, Changjian | Ju, Jian | Xie, Yunfei | Yu, Hang | Guo, Yahui | Yao, Weirong | Qian, He
In industry, Polygalacturonase (PG) is typically used for enzymatic hydrolysis of fruit juice to increase the yield. In the present study, it was found that two pesticides, namely trichlorfon and carbosulfan, which are frequently applied to fruit trees, inhibited the activity of PG and reduced the yield of apple juice. The presence of trichlorfon and carbosulfan reduced the yield by 3.58% and 4.12% during enzymatic hydrolysis of apple juice, respectively. Undoubtedly, this might lead to enormous losses in the juice industry. Analysis of the catalytic mechanism of PG on pectin revealed that the N-acetyl-D-(+)-glucosamine (NAG-404) and tyrosine (TYR-197) residues in the active site played key roles in the process. Nonetheless, it was also determined that various moieties in the pesticides interacted with these amino acids, which led to a decrease in the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Evaluation of the flavor components in enzymatically hydrolyzed apple juice demonstrated that the two pesticide residues could reduce the content of esters, alcohols, and acids by 6.75%, 4.64%, and 3.20%, respectively. Thus, pesticide residues would not only lead to a decrease in the juice yield and change in flavor but would also exhibit potential inhibitory effects on fruit ripening.
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