Water erosion of the slopes of tayyar drainage basin in the desert of Muthanna in Southern Iraq
2020
Maaroof, Bashar F. | Kareem, Hashim H.
This study examines the most important phenomenon of water erosion of Wadi Al-Tayyar basin, one of the seasonal valleys in the lower valley area of the south Iraqi desert, near the Iraqi-Saudi border. It is located in the southern part of Sawa lake, which has an area of 2522.921 km² and a 447.537 km perimeter. Among the most important natural factors that have been analyzed are those affecting the creation and formation of this phenomenon, such as the geological structure, slope system, climatic elements, water resources and natural plants. The rain proves to be partially inefficient when it comes to collision damage, due to the fact that the basin occurs in a semi-arid climate characterized by relatively low precipitation. There is a wide spread of plate tectonic erosion, especially in the area around the springs, due to the prevalence of relatively flat land among similar contouring sectors. This leads to the gathering of water in form of a shallow layer with a relatively large area. There is a noticeable variation in the number of water torrents between the basins, as the generally highest number found in the main Tayyar basin reached 645 torrents, whereas the lowest value was at the secondary Tayyar basins, being 79 ones. Another variation is that in the total length of the gullies within the drainage basin.
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