Response of anammox granules to ZnO nanoparticles at ambient temperature
2019
Zhao, Jian | Zhang, Bowen | Zuo, Jiane
The effects of ZnO nanoparticles on anammox granules at ambient temperature were investigated. The presence of ZnO nanoparticles was capable of inhibiting the anammox granules, and the inhibitory effects would increase as the added concentration increased (24 h exposure to ZnO NPs at 5, 50 and 150 mg/L reduced the anammox activity by 18.4%, 35.5% and 50.4%, respectively). The content of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was also observed to be decreased by ZnO NPs, which led to the reduction of their protective capability to the inner microorganisms of the anammox granules. The nanotoxicity was attributed to both nanoparticles and released zinc cations, which penetrated into the granules and increase the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production significantly, resulting in the decrease of viability of anammox bacteria. These results provide important information for the integration of anammox into mainstream treatment with presence of ZnO NPs.
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