Establishment of compatibility map of some local and imported olive cultivars using physiological and molecular methods
2023
Mohammad Ahmad Mhanna
The study was conducted in 2017, 2018 and 2019 seasons in Bouqa center for research and plant production and in Srabion village in rural of Jableh, Latakia governorate. Six olive cultivars were studied namely: Khodeiri and 'Dermlali' (local), 'Tanche', 'Picholine' (French), 'Coratina' and 'Frantoio' (Italian) in order to determine self and cross-compatibility between them and to obtain the hybrids. Experiments were designed using completely randomized blocks with three replicates (each tree was considered as replicate). Meteorological data (daily maximum a minimum air temperature, rainfall, relative humidity) were collected. Chilling units, heat accumulation (GDD⁰), flowering periods were determined. Samples of inflorescence was taken and average number of flowers per inflorescence, pistil abortion (%), fertile inflorescence (%), effect of inflorescence position on the branch (Picholione only) on average number of flowers per inflorescence and pistil abortion were estimated. Pollen germination on solid media was evaluated. Flowers of Khodeiri and 'Dermlali' was emasculated and subjected to self-pollination, open pollination, cross-pollination with either Khodeiri or 'Dermlali', cross-pollination with 'Picholine', cross-pollination with 'Frantoio' and cross-pollination with 'Coratina'. Pollination in 'Tanche', 'Coratina' and 'Frantoio' was done without emasculation. After fruit set, initial, final and fruiting set, Index of self-incompatibility and fertility index were calculated. Based on fertility index, pollinizers were evaluated, also self-incompatibility alleles were predicted for the studied cultivars based on referenced data and fruit set results. Seeds produced from different treatments was planted. After adequate growth of the seedlings, leaf samples from some genotypes were taken. DNA was extracted from the mentioned samples and screened for DNA-Locus linked to peacock eye disease using SCAR marker G7. Results showed that chilling units differed depending on threshold used and seasons. When 7.2⁰c was used as threshold, chilling units was generally low, and heat accumulations reached the maximum level of 1197.4 and 316.2 depending on threshold used in 2018. The studied cultivars were overlapping in flowering periods but with annual variations in flowering. Studies on average number of flowers per inflorescence showed two distinguished behaviors, the first behavior was characterized by no effect of season on this trait as for 'Dermlali' in both locations, 'Tanche' and 'Picholine', which indicates to the genetic control of this characteristic; while the second behavior was in 2017 season which was characterized by significant reduction in average number of flowers per inflorescence comparing to 2019 as in the rest of cultivars. Season did not affect pistil abortion in 'Dermlali', while pistil abortion in the rest of cultivars was influenced by season. 'Picholine' gave the highest pistil abortion (%) (61.5%) as mean of the three studied seasons, while 'Frantoio' gave the lowest (3.96%). pistil abortion (%) increased on the branches from basal to apical position in 'Picholine'. All studied cultivars were characterized by good germination of pollens but with annual variations. All studied cultivars were self-incompatible by different degrees depending on season. Cross-pollination experiments showed that 'Khoderi' (♀) was compatible with 'Coratina' and 'Dermlali', but incompatible with 'Frantoio' and 'Picholine'. 'Dermlali' (♀) was compatible with 'Picholine' and 'Khoderi', but incompatible with 'Frantoio' and 'Coratina'. 'Khoderi' was a good pollinizer for 'Tanche', while 'Dermlali' was not efficient. Regarding 'Coratina', 'Khoderi' was a good pollinizer and 'Dermlali' was passable, and 'Frantoio' (♀) was compatible with both 'Khoderi' and 'Dermlali'. 'Dermlali' was efficient pollinizer for 'Picholine'. Genetic approach of the results showed that 'Khoderi' is S1S2 and 'Dermlali' is S1S1.Little effect of pollination type on fruit and pits was detected, this effect was low and mostly unstable, so it could be concluded that Xenia effect could be acting in olive but this effect was weak and mostly non-existent; this could be related to existence of other factors having stronger effects on fruit characteristics. Molecular analysis using SCAR G7 marker showed some genotypes tolerance to peacock eye disease like (Bs1), (CO1), (CO2), (Kh19) and (Cs2). Those genotypes could be advantageous directly in cultivation or could be used in breeding programs.
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书目信息
出版者
Tishreen University Faculty of Agriculture Engineering
其它主题
Reciprocal pollination; مرض عين الطاووس; تلقيح تبادلي; Peacock eye disease; عدم توافق ذاتي; Scar; الزيتون
语言
阿拉伯
注释
References
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2024-03-07
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