Histopathological evaluation of rats induced with periodontitis using Enterococcus faecalis and wire ligation of the teeth
2022
Badiah Baharin | Farinawati Yazid | Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar | Nurrul Shaqinah Nasruddin | Fazle Khuda
Gingivitis and periodontitis are periodontal diseases that present as an inflammatory periodontium. Enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive, facultative microorganism that can increase periodontal destruction. High levels of medically important pathogens in the periodontitis associated microbiota may pose a risk to the development of infections at distant body sites. This study aims to investigate histological changes within the periodontium, heart and kidney following concurrent infection with ligature wire and E. faecalis in rats. Rats were divided into three groups, 0-day (control), 7-day (experimental) and 14-day (experimental), containing four rats each. Sterile 0.2 mm wires were inserted into the inter dental space of the maxillary right first and second molar. A total of 0.5 microliter of E. faecalis suspension (1.5 x 10⁸ CFU/ml) was injected into the gingival sulcus of the same site once a week for two weeks. Following euthanasia, maxillae, heart and kidney tissue samples were collected, processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining accordingly. The results showed hyperplastic gingival epithelium, attachment loss and inflammatory cell infiltration within the connective tissue after 7-day. However, inflammatory cell infiltration reduced after 14-day. Inflammatory cell infiltration within the myocardium of the heart tissue and congested blood vessels within the glomerulus and inflammatory cell infiltration into the interstitial space were observed in the kidney sample. The findings suggest acute inflammation within the periodontal tissue and developing infection at distant body sites.
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