The pantropical response of soil moisture to El Niño.
2020
SOLANDER, K. C. | NEWMAN, B. D. | ARAUJO, A. C. DE | BARNARD, H. R. | BERRY, Z. C. | BONAL, D. | BRETFELD, M. | BURBAN, B. | CANDIDO, L. A. | CÉLLERI, R. | CHAMBERS, J. Q. | CHRISTOFFERSEN, B. O. | DETTO, M. | DORIGO, W. A. | EWERS, B. E. | FERREIRA, S. J. F. | KNOHL, A. | LEUNG, L. R. | MCDOWELL, N. G. | MILLER, G. R. | MONTEIRO, M. T. F. | MOORE, G. W. | NEGRON-JUAREZ, R. | SALESKA, S. R. | STIEGLER, C. | TOMASELLA, J. | XU, C. | KURT C. SOLANDER, LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATOR | BRENT D. NEWMAN, LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY | ALESSANDRO CARIOCA DE ARAUJO, CPATU | HOLLY R. BARNARD, UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER | Z. CARTER BERRY, CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | DAMIEN BONAL, INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE | MARIO BRETFELD, KENNESAW STATE UNIVERSITY | BENOIT BURBAN, INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN AGRICULTURE | LUIZ ANTONIO CANDIDO, INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZÔNIA | ROLANDO CÉLLERI, UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA | JEFFERY Q. CHAMBERS, LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY | BRADLEY O. CHRISTOFFERSEN, UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS | MATTEO DETTO, PRINCETON UNIVERSITY | WOUTER A. DORIGO, TECHNISCHEN UNIVERSITÄT WIEN | BRENT E. EWERS, UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING | SAVIO JOSÉ FILGUEIRAS FERREIRA, INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZÔNIA | ALEXANDER KNOHL, UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN | L. RUBY LEUNG, PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY | NATE G. MCDOWELL, PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY | GRETCHEN R. MILLER, TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY | MARIA TEREZINHA FERREIRA MONTEIRO, INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZÔNIA | GEORGIANNE W. MOORE, TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY | ROBINSON NEGRON-JUAREZ, LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY | SCOTT R. SALESKA, UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA | CHRISTIAN STIEGLER, UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN | JAVIER TOMASELLA, CENTRO NACIONAL DE MONITORAMENTO E ALERTA DE DESASTRES NATURAIS | CHONGGANG XU, LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY.
The 2015–2016 El Niño event ranks as one of the most severe on record in terms of the magnitude and extent of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies generated in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Corresponding global impacts on the climate were expected to rival, or even surpass, those of the 1997–1998 severe El Niño event, which had SST anomalies that were similar in size. However, the 2015–2016 event failed to meet expectations for hydrologic change in many areas, including those expected to receive well above normal precipitation. To better understand how climate anomalies during an El Niño event impact soil moisture, we investigate changes in soil moisture in the humid tropics (between ± 25◦) during the three most recent super El Niño events of 1982–1983, 1997–1998 and 2015–2016, using data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). First, we use in situ soil moisture observations obtained from 16 sites across five continents to validate and bias-correct estimates from GLDAS (r2 = 0.54). Next, we apply a k-means cluster analysis to the soil moisture estimates during the El Niño mature phase, resulting in four groups of clustered data. The strongest and most consistent decreases in soil moisture occur in the Amazon basin and maritime southeastern Asia, while the most consistent increases occur over eastern Africa. In addition, we compare changes in soil moisture to both precipitation and evapotranspiration, which showed a lack of agreement in the direction of change between these variables and soil moisture most prominently in the southern Amazon basin, the Sahel and mainland southeastern Asia. Our results can be used to improve estimates of spatiotemporal differences in El Niño impacts on soil moisture in tropical hydrology and ecosystem models at multiple scales.
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