PCR and immunological-based diagnostic methods for specific detection of Mycoplasma hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae in pigs
2024
Magtoto, P.D.
Mycoplasmal arthritis in pigs poses serious economic implications due to reduction in weight gain and feed conversion, increase in medication costs and mortality, and culling of lame animals. A significant increase in cases of mycoplasmal-associated arthritis caused primarily by Mycoplasma hyorhinis (Mhr) and M. hyosynoviae (Mhs) cases have been reported in the past years in the United States. The present retrospective study investigated and analyzed cumulative Mhr and Mhs qPCR results from all cases submitted to the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at Iowa State University (ISU VDL) from 2017 to 2022. Data were analyzed by age, specimen types, season, and geographical location. Results showed that the highest detection rate was found in nursery pigs for Mhr and grow-finish age and adult groups for Mhs. Regarding diagnostic specimens, the highest submission and positivity rates of Mhr were observed in fibrin, OF (oral fluid), joint fluid, and lung samples. Heart and eye specimens submitted and with higher positivity rates. The highest qPCR positivity rate was found during the winter and summer seasons for Mhr and Mhs, respectively. Iowa had the highest number of submissions and positivity rate for Mhr and Mhs accross US states. The information generated during this study will be helpful to swine producers, practitioners, and VDLs on the most frequent and suitable specimen types for Mhr and Mhs detection and surveillance of Mhr-associated diseases and Mhs-arthritis.
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