Nutritional Compositional Characterization on Five Diets for Development of Pollen Substitute Diet
2021
Kim, H.J. | Lee, M.L. | Mustafa, B. | Han, G.Y. | Lee, S.J. | Hwang, J.S. | Kwon, H.W.
The western honey bee, Apis mellifera L. is an essential pollinator for wild plant and commercial crops in the world. High honey bee colony population losses are occurring globally due to effect of multiple stressors. Beekeepers need to provide pollen substitute diets regularly to maintain healthy colony and continuity of bee-related products in apiculture. This study focuses on development of pollen substitute diets, through investigation of different contents in nutritional components on five samples, namely canola pollen, mixed pollen, bee bread, MegaBee, and Test A. Among them, Test A was developed as pollen substitute diet and was compared with other samples. The five samples were analyzed on pH, mineral (ions), total phenol, vitamin B6 and vitamin C. The value of pH for the Test A was 4.30 and it was similar with beebread and Megabee with pH 4.03 and 4.05, respectively. For analysis of mineral (ions), the elements chlorine (Cl), hydrogen sulfate (SO₄), monohydrogen phosphate (PO₄), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), bromine (Br), lithium (Li), sodium (Na), ammonium (NH₄), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) was detected. The total phenol content of five samples was ranked from high to low as following: Canola pollen (16230 mg/kg), Bee bread (15660 mg/kg), Mixed pollen (9588 mg/ kg), Megabee (4093 mg/kg), and Test A (3392 mg/kg). Among the five samples the only test A and Canola pollen were found to contain vitamin B6 and C with 83 mg/kg and 479 mg/kg, respectively. Nutritional content, balance and efficiency needs to be considered for the development of pollen substitute diets. This study will contribute to provide future directions on development of pollen substitute diets.
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