Grapevine acclimation to water deficit: the adjustment of stomatal and hydraulic conductance differs from petiole embolism vulnerability
2017
Hochberg, Uri | Bonel, Andrea Giulia | David-Schwartz, Rakefet | Degu, Asfaw | Fait, Aaron | Cochard, Hervé | Peterlunger, Enrico | Herrera, Jose Carlo | Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]) | Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences ; Università degli Studi di Udine - University of Udine [Italie] | Institute of Plant Sciences ; Agricultural Research Organization - the Volcani Center | French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands ; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU) | Division of Viticulture and Pomology ; Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU)
Main conclusion Drought-acclimated vines maintained higher gas exchange compared to irrigated controls under water deficit; this effect is associated with modified leaf turgor but not with improved petiole vulnerability to cavitation. A key feature for the prosperity of plants under changing environments is the plasticity of their hydraulic system. In the present research we studied the hydraulic regulation in grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) that were first acclimated for 39 days to well-watered (WW), sustained water deficit (SD), or transient-cycles of dehydration-rehydration-water deficit (TD) conditions, and then subjected to varying degrees of drought. Vine development under SD led to the smallest leaves and petioles, but the TD vines had the smallest mean xylem vessel and calculated specific conductivity (k (ts)). Unexpectedly, both the water deficit acclimation treatments resulted in vines more vulnerable to cavitation in comparison to WW, possibly as a result of developmental differences or cavitation fatigue. When exposed to drought, the SD vines maintained the highest stomatal (g (s)) and leaf conductance (k (leaf)) under low stem water potential (I<spacing diaeresis>(s)), despite their high xylem vulnerability and in agreement with their lower turgor loss point (I<spacing diaeresis>(TLP)). These findings suggest that the down-regulation of k (leaf) and g (s) is not associated with embolism, and the ability of drought-acclimated vines to maintain hydraulic conductance and gas exchange under stressed conditions is more likely associated with the leaf turgor and membrane permeability.
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