Effect of foliar spraying with boron and iron on growth and productivity of pistachio tree var. ‘Ashouri’
2024
Basel Ghassan Alashkar
-The research was carried out in the years 2021-2022 on pistachio trees of the Ashouri variety (30 years) planted in the village of Zaidel-Homs, to evaluate the effect of foliar spraying with boric acid (1 g/L) and ferric sulfate (5 g/l) and their combination (1 g/L boric acid +5 g/l ferric sulfate) in some vegetative growth indicators and some productive and quality characteristics. -The results showed an improvement in vegetative growth characteristics upon foliar spraying with iron, with an increase of 97%, 11%, and 15% over the control treatment for the annual branch length, diameter, and leaf area, respectively. -The results also showed that the foliar spraying treatment with boron was significantly superior to the other treatments in the average fruit set percentage, with an increase of 53% over the control treatment, and achieved the highest value in term of the fruit weight, with an increase of 12% over the control treatment. All treatments contributed to reducing the percentage of blankness nuts, with significant differences from the control treatment, which recorded the highest value, which was 6.66%, and the iron treatment achieved the highest percentage of split nuts, which reached 99.66%. In terms of productivity, the boron and mixture treatments were significantly superior to the other treatments, with an increase of 77% and 70% over the control treatment, respectively. - The results also demonstrated that the foliar spraying treatment with boron was superior to the other treatments in terms of the leaves’ content of nitrogen, potassium, and boron (1.327%, 2.155%, and 54.55 ppm, respectively) over the control (0.887%, 1.484%, and 39 ppm, respectively), and in the leaves’ phosphorus content, all treatments were significantly superior to the control treatment, which recorded the lowest value, which was 0.182%, as for the leaves’ iron content, the iron treatment was significantly superior to the rest of the treatments and reached 85.5 ppm, while it was 51 ppm in the control treatment. -The results also indicated that all treatments were significantly superior to the control treatment in terms of fruits' content of total soluble solids (TSS), total sugars, vitaminC, and oil content. Foliar spraying treatments also had a significant effect in reducing the acidity level, as the lowest value was achieved in the boron treatment, which reached 0.54%. -The second season was significantly superior to the first season in terms of fruit weight and annual branch length, while the first season was significantly superior to the second season in terms of productivity, and there were no significant differences between the first season and the second season in The rest of the studied characteristics.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]AGROVOC关键词
书目信息
出版者
Damascus University . Faculty of agricultural engineering
其它主题
Vegetative growth; بورون; Foliar spraying; رش ورقي; نمو خضري; جودة الثمار; صفات إنتاجية; Productive characteristics
语言
阿拉伯
注释
References
1. A.O.A.C. (2000). Official methods of analysis – Association of Official
analytical chemists. 17ed. Maryland. U. S. A.
2. A.O.A.C. (2005). Determination of moisture, ash, protein, and fat. Official
Methods of Analysis - the Association of Official Analytical Chemists,
18th. Washington DC.
3. Abd El-Motty, E.Z.; SHIEKH, M.H.; MOHAMED F.M. &. SHAHIN, M.I.F.F.
(2007). Effect of preharvest calcium and boric acid treatments on characteristics
and storability of 'Canino' apricot fruits. Res. J. Agric. Biol. Sci. 3(5): 430–
439.
4. Abo-Hajar, R.A.; Al-Hariri, R.A.; &. Tawaha, A.R.M. (2016). Effect of foliar
boron spraying on productivity and quality of pistachio fruits in Homs, Syria,
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. Vol. 18. No. 5. Pp: 934-
940.
5. Açar, I.; Doran, I.; Aslan, N. &. Doğruer Kalkanc, N. (2016). Boron affects the
yield and quality of nonirrigated pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees. Turkish
Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 40: 664-670.
6. Alan, R.; Zulkadir, A. &. Padem, H. (1994). The influence of growing media on
growth, yield and quality of tomato grown under greenhouse condition. Acta
Hort. 366. 229-234.
7. Alasiri, A. M.; Al Hamid, M. A. &. Alawi, S. M. (2018). Nutritional value of
pistachio and possibility of its utilization as an important food component.
Agricultural and Food Science. 27(3): 201-208.8. Alvarez-Fernandez, A.; Garcia-Lavina, P.; Fidalgo, J.; Abadia J. &. Abadia A.
(2004). Foliar fertilization to control iron cholorosis in pear (Pyrus communis L.)
trees. Plant Soil. 263: 515.
9. Anderson, A. &. Smith, S. (2005). Use of profiling to differentiate geographic
grwing origin of raw pistachios. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
1(53): 410–418.
10. Arenas, M.; Varrina, C. S.; Cornell, J. A.; Hanlonm E. A. &. Hochmuth, G. J.
(2002). Coir as an alternative to peat in media for tomato transplant
production. Hort Science. 37(2): 309-312.
11. Ata, S., Özdemir, S., Yıldız, K. &. Arıcı, Ş. (2020). Foliar Boron Application
Improved Nut Yield and Quality in Mature Pistachio Trees in Turkey. Hort.
Technology. 30(2), 236-243.
12. Bakkali, Y.; Abderrazak Lahlou, M.; Ibnsouda Koraichi, S.; Aziz Essamri, A.;
Noureddine, N. &. El Modafar, C. (2020). Effects of Foliar Application of Boron
on Yield and Some Physiological Parameters of Pistachio Trees in Morocco.
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 22(3), pp.711-720.
13. Balcı S. &. Çağlar, S. (2002). Boron applications in fruit growing. First Int
Boron Symposium. Kutahya, 189-192 (in Turkish).
14. Barone, E.; Mantia, M.; Marra, F.; Motisi, A. &. Sottile, F. (2005). Manipulation
of the vegetative and reproductive cycle of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.).
Options Mediterraneennes. 63:355–364.
15. Basha, A.I.; Padulosi, S.; Chabane, K. &. Hadj-Hassan, A. (2007). Genetic
diversity of Syrian pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) varieties evaluated by AFLP
Markers. Genet Resour Crop Evol. 54: 1807-1816.16. Bisignano, A.; Candido, V.; Brindisi, F. &. Miccolis, V. (2002). Antioxidant
contents and quality traits of tomato “cherry” grown with different techniques in
greenhouse. Italus Hortus. 9(6): 101-106.
17. Blevins, D.G. &. Lukaszewski, K.M. (1998). Boron in plant structure and
function. Ann Rev Plant Biol. 49: 481-500.
18. Brahmachari, V.S.; Yadav, G.S. &. Naresh, K. (1997). Effect of feeding of
calcium, zinc and boron on yield and quality attributes of litchi (Litchi chinensis
Sonn.). Orissa J. Hort. 25(1): 49-52.
19. Brown, A. (2020). Pistachios: A Key Ingredient in the Food Processing
Industry. Food Science & Technology Journal. 25(4): 219-234.
20. Brown, F. &. Picchioni, G. (1997). Yields of pistachio increased with boron
application. Fluid Digest, Agronomy Note, 3: page2.
21. Brown, P.; Ferguson, L. &. Picchioni, G. (1995). Boron boosts pistachio yields.
Fluid J. 4: 11-13.
22. Brown, PH. &. Hu, H. (1996). Phloem mobility of boron is species dependent.
Evidence for phloem mobility in sorbitol rich species. Ann Bot. 77: 497-505.
23. Brown, PH. (2001). Transient nutrients PH and their impact on yield. A
Rationale for foliar fertilizers. ISHS Acta Hort. PP: 564.
24. Camberato, J.J. (2004). Foliar application on sugar beet. Journal of Fruit
and Ornamental Plant Research .12: 120-126.
25. Castro-Diez, P.; Villar-Salvador, P.; Perez-Rontome, C.; Maestro-Martinez,
M. &. Montserrat-Marti, G. (1998). Leaf morphology, leaf chemical
composition and stem xylem characteristics in two Pistacia (Anacardiaceae)
species along a climatic gradient. Flora: Morphologie, Geobotanik,
Oekophysiologie. 193(2): 195-202.26. Chapman, H.D. &. Pratt, P. (1961). Methods of analysis for soils , plants
and water. Univ, California, Berkley, CA.
27. Chaturvedi, O.; Singh, A.; Tripathi, V. &. Dixit, A. (2005). Effect of zinc and
iron on growth, yield and quality of strawberry cv. Chandler. Acta Hortic. 696:
237-240.
28. Christensen, P.; Beede, R. &. Peacock, W. (2016). Fall foliar sprays prevent
boron deficiency symptomps in grapes. California Agric. 60(2): 100-103.
29. Davarpanah, S.; Tehranifar, A.; Davarynejad, G.; Abadía, J. &. Khorasani, R.
(2016). Effects of foliar applications of zinc and boron nano-fertilizers on
pomegranate (Punica granatum cv . Ardestani) fruit yield and quality. Scientia
Horticulturae. 210: 57-64.
30. Davidson, J.I.; Whitaker, T.B. &. Dickens, J.W. (1982). Grading
Cleaning, Storage, Shelling, and Marketing of Peanuts in The United
States. 80(6): 571–623.
31. Dawood, Z.; Alalaf, A. &. Shayal Alalam, A. (2012). Effect of Foliar Spray of
Iron Chelate and Acta Acro Fertilizers on Growth of Pistacia vera L. Seedling.
Rafidain Journal of Science. (23)2: 70-81.
32. Delfini, M.; Capuani, G.; Di Cocco, M.E.; Sciubba , F.; Avanzato, D.; Vaccaro,
A. Et Al. (2011). Nmr-Based Metabolomic Analysis For The Evaluation Of
Different Treatments On Two Pistachio Cultivars. Acta Hortic. 912: 203-210.
33. Dell, B. &. HUANG, L. (1997). Physiological response of plants to low boron.
plant and soil. 193: 103-120.
34. Ertürk, Ü.; Mert, C. &. Soylu, A. (2006). Chemical composition of fruits of
some important chestnut cultivars. Brazilian Archives of Biology and
Technology. 49(2): 183-188.35. FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nation). (2020).
Agricultural Statistics of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations. Rome.
36. Ferguson, L.; Polito, V. &. Kallsen, C. (2005). The pistachio tree; botany
and physiology and factors that affect yield. Pistachio production manual,
4th ed. Davis, CA, USA, University of California Fruit & Nut Research
Information Center, 31-39.
37. Ferguson, L.; Polito, V. &. Kallsen, C. (2015). The Pistachio Tree; Botany and
Physiology and Factors That Affect Yield. The Tree. 54: 31-39.
38. Fernandez, V.; Sotiropoulos, T. &. Brown, P. (2013). Foliar fertilization
scientific principles and field practices. International Fertilizer Industry
Association (IFA). First edition, Paris, France. pp: 140.
39. Filella, I.; Llusia, J.; Pinol, J. &. Penuelas, J. (1998). Leaf gas exchange and
fluorescence of Phillyrea latifolia, Pistacia lentiscus and Quercus ilex saplings
in severe drought and high temperature conditions. Environmental and
experimental botany. 39(3): 213-220.
40. Gianessi, L. (2009). The benefits of insecticide use: pistachios. www. Crop
life foundation .org.
41. Goli, M.B.; Barzegar, S. &. Sahari, M.A. (2005). Antioxidant Activ, and Total
Phenolic Compounds of Pistachio (Pistacia Vera) Hull Extracts. Food
Chemistry. 92(9): 521–525.
42. Gursoz, S.; Gokoglu, S. &. Ak, B. (2010). Determination of mineral nutrition
contents of grape and pistachio cultivars grown as inter planted orchard.
Options Mediterraneennes. 94: 25-30.43. Güvenç, İ.; Türkmen, O. &. Kesici, Y. (2019). Effects of boron foliar application
on Yield and Quality of Pistachio (Pistacia Vera L.). Journal of Agriculture
and Nature. 3(1): 61-67.
44. Hagreaves, C.; Adi, S. &. Warman, R.R. (2009). The effects of municipal solid
waste compost and compost tea on mineral element uptake and fruits quality
of strawberry. Compost Science and Utilization. 17(2): 85-94.
45. Hasheminasab, H.; Farshadfar, E. &. Varvani, H. (2014). Application of
Physiological Traits Related to Plant Water Status for Predicting Yield
Stability in Wheat Under Drought Stress Condition. Annual Review &
Research in Biology. 4: 778–789.
46. Haytora, D. (2013). Review of Foliar Fertilization of some crops.
Department of Horticulture, Agricultural University. Annual Review and Res. in
Biol. 3(4): 455-465.
47. Hokmabadi, H.; Haidarinezhad, A.; Barfeie, R.; Nazaran, M.H.; Ashtiani, M.
&. Aboutalebi, A. (2007). A New Iron Chelate Introduction and Their Effect On
Quality of Pistachio and as an Iron Fortification for Better Food Quality. Acta
Hortic. 741, 173-180.
48. Homma, H.; Tamaki, J.; Yoder, Y. &. Joe, C. (2002). Method for Inhibiting
Differentiation and Formation of Coniferophyta Male Flower by Treatment with
Prohexadione Compounds. Journal Japan. 6(504): 320.
49. Horwiz, W. (2000). Official methods of analysis. 17th ed. AOAC
International, Maryland. P: 1–28.
50. Hosseinifard, S.; Sedaghati, N.; Mohammadabadi, A.; Alipour, H. &. Dastjerdi,
M. (2020). Effects of fe foliar spraying from sulphate and chelate resourceson yield and quality of pistachio (Pistacia vera L. cv owhadi) treesfruit in
kerman province. Pistachio science and technology. 4(8): 43-60.
51. Hu, H.; Penn, S.G.; Lebrilla, C.B. &. Brown, PH. (1997). Isolation and
characterization of soluble boron complexes in higher plants. Plant
Physiology. 113(2): 649-655.
52. Ibrahim, Z. &. Tayib, A. (2019). Effects of foliar application of aminoplasmal,
boron, zinc and their interactions on fruit set and yield characteristics of
pistachio (Pistacia vera L) cv Halaby. Iraq journal of agricultural sciences.
50(5): 1281-1289.
53. Ibrahim, Z. &. Tayib, A. (2019). Effects of Foliar Spray of Aminoplasmal,
Nutrients and Their Interactions On Vegetative Growth of Pistachio Trees
(Pistacia vera L. cv. HALABY). Journal of University of Duhok. Vol. 22,
No.1 (Agri. and Vet. Sciences), Pp: 132-139.
54. Ibrahim, Z. (2020). Effect of spraying zinc, copper and iron on leaf nutrient,
fruit set and some fruit quality of pistachio trees (Pistacia vera L.) CV. Halebi.
Journal of University of Duhok. Vol. 23, No.2 (Agri. and Vet. Sciences), Pp:
218-227.
55. Jahan, F. (2005). Evaluation of effects of rootstock and scion on quantitative
and qualitative characteristics of pistachio. Islamic Azad University, Jahrom
branch. Funct, ecology. 12(4): 280-286
56. John, M.K.; Chauh, H.H. &. Neufeld, J.H. (1975). Application of improved
Azomethine - H method to the determination of boron in soil and plant.
Anal. Lett. 8: 559-568.
57. Johnson, R. (2021). The Socioeconomic Impact of Pistachio Farming on Rural
Communities. Journal of Rural Development. 38(3), 147-162.58. Jones, J.B. (2001). Laboratory guide for conducting soils tests and plant
analysis. CRC Press, Boca Raton Florida, USA. 384.
59. Joseph, C. &. Ray, D. (2013). Mechanisms of plant competition for nutrients,
water and light. Functional Ecology. 4(27): 833-840.
60. Karimi, R.; Koulivand, M. &. Rasouli, M. (2017). The effect of foliar application
of urea and iron chelate on fruit set, yield, quality and nutritional indices of
grape. Journal of crop production and processing. 8(2): 61-78.
61. Kashaninejad, M.; Tabil, L.G.; Mortazavi, A.; Safe Kordi, A.; Nakhaei, M. &.
Nikkho, M. (2002). Effect of drying methods on quality of pistachio nuts.
The Society for engineering in Agricultural, Food, and Biological Systems. Pp:
1-16.
62. Kasliwal, R. R.; Bansal, M. &. Mehrotra, R. (2019). The role of pistachio in
the prevention and management of cardiovascular and other diseases.
Current Atherosclerosis Reports. 21(2): 6.
63. Keshavarz, K.; Vahdati, K.; Samar, M.; Azadegan, B. &. Brown, PH. (2011).
Foliar application of zinc and boron improves walnut vegetative and
reproductive growth. Hort Tech. 21: 181-186.
64. Kunter, B.; Gülsen, Y. &. Ayfer, M. (1995). Determination of the Most Suitable
Harvest Time for Green Colour and High Kernel Quality of Pistachio Nut
(Pistacia Vera). International Symposium on Pistachio Nut, ACTA
Horticulturae. 5(419): 393–397.
65. Leach, K.A. &. Hameleers, A. (2001). The effects of a foliar spray
containingphosphorus and zinc on the development, composition and yield of
foragemaize. Grass and Forage Science. 56: 311–315.66. Lotfi, R. &. Dashti, H. (2005). Response of pistachio seedlings to boron and
salinity. Journal of plant nutrition. 28(2): 309-322.
67. Lynch, J.; Marschner, P. &. Rengel, Z. (2012). Effect of Internal and
External Factors on Root Growth and Development. In Marschner's Mineral
Nutrition of Higher Plants, pp: 331-346.
68. Mahajan, B.V.; Dhatt, A.S.; Satish, K. &. Manohar, L. (2006). Effect of prestorage
treatments and packaging on the storage behaviour and quality of
Kinnow mandarin. J Food Sci Technol. 43(6): 589-593.
69. Malakouti, M.J. &. Tabatabaei, S.J. (1999). Sound feeding of fruit trees for
increasing yield and qualitative improvement of garden products in limy
soils of Iran. Agriculture Education Publication ,Karaj, Iran.
70. Mami, Y.; Peivast, Gh.; Bakhshi, D. &. Samizadeh, H. (2008). Determination
of various culture media for tomato in soilless culture system. Hort. Sci. J.
Agricultural Sciences and Industries. Pp: 2-22.
71. Marschner, H. (2002). Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. San Diego, CA:
Academic Press.
72. Marschner, H. (2012). Mineral nutrition of higher plants. 3º ed. London,
Elsevier. 672p
73. Maskan, M. &. Karatas, S. (1998). Fatty acid oxidation of Pistachio nuts stored
under various atmospheric conditions and different temperatures. Journal of
the Science of Food and Agriculture. 77: 334-340.
74. Massei, G.; Hartley,S .E. and. Bacon, p. J. (2000). Chemical and
morphological variation of Mediterranean woody evergreen species: do plants
respond to ungulate browsing?. Journal of vegetation science. 11(1): 1-8.75. Mengel, K. &. Kirkby, E.A. (1982). Principles of plant nutrition. 3rd. ed. Int.
Potash. Inst. Bern. Switzerland. PP;653-669.
76. Mengel, K. &. Kirkby, E.A. (2001). Principles of plant nutrition. 5th ed.
Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht/bern, Switzerland. Pp: 849.
77. Mirzapour, M.H. & Khoshgoftarmanesh, A.H. (2013). Effect of soil and foliar
application of iron and zinc on quantitative and qualitative yield of
pomegranate. Journal of plant nutrition. 36(1): 55-66.
78. Misirli, A.; Yaman, M. &. Seitkaya, M. (2006). Effects of foliar iron application
on yield and nutrient concentrations of pistachio (Pistacia vera L. cv. Siirt).
Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment. 4(1): 186-189.
79. Moghaddam, M.R.A.; Rahemi, M. &. Chashmi, N.A. (2018). Effect of soilavailable
boron and foliar boron spraying on growth and yield of pistachio
(Pistacia vera L.). Acta Agriculture Slovenica, Vol. 111, No. 1, pp. 109-
116.
80. Mohammadi‐Sartang, M.; Mazloom, Z.; Sohrabi, Z. &. Arabi, Z. (2019). The
effect of pistachio intake on glycaemic control, blood pressure,
anthropometric indexes and serum lipid profile in type 2 diabetes. A
randomized clinical trial. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 21(1): 32-39.
81. Moreira A. &. Fageria, N.K. (2009). Yield, Uptake, and Retranslocation of
Nutrients in Banana Plants Cultivated in Upland Soil of Central Amazonian.
Journal of Plant Nutrition. 32(3): 443 – 457.
82. Mozingo, R.W.; Coffle, T.A. &. Wright, F.S. (1991). The Influence of Planting
and Digging Dates on Yield, Value, and Grade of Four Virginia-Type Peanut
Cultivars. Peanut Sci. 12(18):55–62.83. Nagy, P.T.; Thurzo, T.; Szabo, Z. &. Nyeki, J. (2008). Impact of boron foliar
fertilization on annual fluctuation of B in sweet cherry leaves and fruit quality.
International J. Hortic. Sci. 14(3): 27–30.
84. Najad, A.H. (2004). Effect of zinc and iron on growth, yield and quality of
pistachio. M.Sc. Thesis, Azadi University, Tehran, Iran. (in Persian).
85. Norozi, M.; ValizadehKaji, B.; Karimi, R. &. Nikoogoftar Sedghi, M. (2019).
Effects of foliar application of potassium and zinc on pistachio (Pistacia vera
L.) fruit yield. International Journal of Horticultural Science and
Technology. 6(1):113-123.
86. Oba, K.; Ishikawa, S.; Nishikawa, M.; Mizuno, H. &. Yamamoto, T. (1995).
Purification and properties of L-galactono-gammalactona dehydrogenase, a
key enzyme for ascorbic acid biosynthesis, from sweet potato roots. J.
Biochem. 117:120-124.
87. Padulosi, S.; Caruso, T. &. Barone, E. (1996). Taxonomy, distribution,
conservation and uses of Pistacia genetic resources. p. 69. Report of a
workshop, 29-30 June, 1995, Palermo, Italy. International Plant Genetic
Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.
88. Pearson, R.C. &. Goheen, a.C. (1998). Compendium of grape disease, 4th
Edition. The American phytopathological society. U.S.A.
89. Perica, S.; Brown, P.H.; Connell, J.; Nyomora, A.; Dordas, C. &. Hu, H.
(2001). Foliar Boron Application Improves Flower Fertility and Fruit Set of
Olive. Hort. science. 36(4):714–716.
90. Pourahmadi, E.; Mohamadkhani, A.; Roshandel, P. &. Momenyan, S. (2019).
Evaluating Foliar Application of Calcium Nitrate, Calcium Chloride and BoricAcid on Physiological Disorders of ‘Kaleh - Ghoochi’ Pistachio. Journal of
Nuts. 10(2): 103-115.
91. Rainham, D. (2001). Postharvest nutrition for pome Fruit Horticulture.
Newsletter G. P. Dall Horticultural. Consultant. Vol. 7. No. 4: 225-230.
92. Rayn, E.; Galvin, K.; O'Connor, T.P.; Maguire, A.R. &. O'Brien, N.M. (2006).
Fatty acid profile, toccopherol, squalene and phytosterol content of Brazil
pecan, pine, pistachio and cashew nuts. International Journal of Food
Science and nutrition. 57(3/4): 219-228.
93. Rodrigues, M.Â.; Ferreira, I.Q.; Claro, A.M. &. Arrobas, M. (2012). Fertilizer
recommendations for olive based upon nutrients removed in crop and pruning.
Scientia Horticulturae. 142: 205-211.
94. Roosta, H. &. Mohammadi, Z. (2013). Improvement of some nut quality factors
by manure, ammonium, and iron application in al kaline soil pistachio orchards.
Journal of plant nutrition. 36: 691-701.
95. Rosati, A.; Zipanćič, M.; Caporali, S. &. Paoletti, A. (2010). Fruit set is
inversely related to flower and fruit weight in olive (Olea europaea L.). Scientia
Horticulturae. 126(2): 200-204.
96. Rufyikiri G.; Nootens D.; Dufey J.E. &. Delvaux, B. (2004). Mobilization of
aluminium and magnesium by roots of banana (Musa spp.) from kaolinite
and smectite clay minerals. Applied Geochemistry. 19(4): 633-64.
97. Sajjadinia, A.; Bazargan, H.; Hokmabadi, H.; Kefayati, M.E. &. Rajaee, S.
(2011). The investigation of the effects of 17 fertilizers treatments in the form
of foliar application on qualitative characteristics of PISTACHIO nut cultivar
'OUHADI'. ISHS Acta Horticulturae. 912: 27.98. Sakal, R. &. Singh, A.P. (1995). Boron research and agricultural
production. Micronutrient Research and Agricultural Production. Ed. By
tandor; FDCO, New Delhi, Pp 1-30.
99. Satil, F. &. Azcan, N. (2003). Fatty Acid Composition of Pistachio Nuts in
Turkey, Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 7(39): 322–324.
100. Sawidis, T.; Dafnis, S.; Weryzko. &. Chmielewska, E. (2000). Distribution,
development and structure of resin ducts in Pistacia vera. chia. Flora:
Morphologie, Geobotanik, Oekophysiologie, 195 (1) 83-94.
101. Seyyedi, M. (1998). The effect of boron and zinc spraying on the yield
and quality of pistachio fruit. Master thesis. Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Tehran. Iran.
102. Shafiee, M.; Taghavi, T.S. &. Babalar, M. (2010). Addition of salicylic acid
to nutrient solution combined with post-harvest treatments (hot water, salicylic
acid, and calcium dipping) improved postharvest fruit quality of strawberry.
Sci. Hortic. 124: 40–45.
103. Shelp, B.J.; Edwars, M.; Alice M.K. &. I' athmana, T.V. (1995). Boron
mobility in high plant quality. In: mineral nutrition of fruit trees. Butter worth'
s, London .103-108 P.
104. Shirkhani, H.; Abedi, B.; Davari Nejad, G.; Khorasani, R.; Salahi Ostad, M.
&. Morshedlou, M. (2020). The Effect of Iron Chelate on Some Qualitative
and Quantitative Traits of Pistachio Trees. Journal of Pistachio Science
and Technology. (5)9: 1-15.
105. Shler, M.T. (2016). Response of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cv. Musilly
Seedlings Growth to Foliar Spray of Iron Chelate (Fe- EDDHA) and Nitrogen.
Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani. Part-A: 2-18.106. Shoeib, M.M. &. El sayed, A. (2003). Response of “Thompson Seedless”
grape vines to the spray of some nutrients and citric acid. Minia J. Agric.
Res. Dev.23(4): 681–698.
107. Silke, W. (2011). Boron foliar fertilization: Impacts on absorption and
subsequent translocation of foliar applied boron. Ph.D Dissertation in
Agricultural Sciences. Faculty of agricultural sciences. University of
Hohenheim, Germany, pp: 93.
108. Smirnoff, N.; Conklin, P.L. &. Loewus, F.A. (2001). Biosynthesis of
ascorbic acid in plants. a renaissence. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol.
Biol. 52:437-467.
109. Smirnoff, N. (1996). Botanical Briefing: the function and metabolism of
ascorbic acid in plants. Annals of Botany. 78(6): 661-669.
110. Smith, J. (2022). The Economic Significance of Pistachios in Global Trade.
International Journal of Agricultural Economics. 45(2): 321-336.
111. Soliemanzadeh, A. &. Mozafari, F. (2014). Response of pistachio trees to
alternate bearing and foliar application of zinc and iron. International journal
of fruit science. 14: 174-187.
112. Soliemanzadeh, A.; Mozafari, V.; Pour, A. &. Akhgar, A. (2013). Effect of Zn,
Cu and Fe foliar application on fruit set and some quality and quantity
characteristics of Pistachio trees. South Western Journal of Horticulture,
Biology and Environment. 4(1): 19-34.
113. Steduto, P.; Hsiao, T.C.; Fereres, E. &. Raes, D. (2012). Crop yield
response to water, (Vol. 1028). Rome: fao.114. Stevenson, M. &. Shackel, K. (1998). Alternate bearing in Pistachio as a
masting phenomenon: Construction cost of reproduction versus vegetative
growth and storage. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 123: 1069–1075.
115. Storey, J.B. (2007). Zinc. In: A.V. Barker and D.J. Pilbeam (eds.).
Handbook of plant nutrition. CRC Press, New York. p. 411–437.
116. Sutcliff, G.F. &. Baker, D.A. (1981). Plants and mineral salt studies. in
Biology NO. 48. pp; 303-311. Edward Arnold (publishers) Ltd. London.
117. Swiader, J.M. (2000). Micronutrient fertilizer recommendation for vegetable
crop. Horticulture facts. Pp: 21-35.
118. Tandon, H.L.S. (1995). Micronutrient in soils, Crop and Fertilisers.
NewDelhi. India.
119. Tavallali, V. &. Rahemi, M. (2007). Effects of rootstock on nutrient acquisition
by leaf, kernel and quality of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). American-Eurasian
Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science. 2(3): 240-246.
120. Tekin, H.; Arpaci, S.; Yakceken, Y. &. Cakir, I. (1998). Pistachio nut iron
deficiencies on calcareous soils. Acta hortic. 470: 421-428.
121. Tekin, H.; Arpaci, S.; Yukceken Y. &. Cakir, I. (1997). Pistachio nut iron
deficiencies on calcareous soils. II International Symposium on Pistachios
and Almonds. Zaragoza, Spain. 421-428.
122. Tekin, H.; Guzel, N. &. Ibrikci, H. (1995). Influence of manure and inorganic
fertilizer on yield and quality of pistachio. Journal of plant nutrition. 18(6):
1263-1272.
123. Tisdale, S.L.; Nelson, W.L.; Beaton, J.D. &. Havlin, J.L. (1993). Soil fertility
and fertilizers. 5th edition, print. Hall, INC. Upper saddle River, New Jersey
07458.124. Tsantili, E.; Takidelli, C.; Christopoulosa, M.V.; Lambrineab, E.; Rouskasc,
D. &. Roussosa, P.A. (2010). Physical, compositional and sensory
differences in nuts among pistachio (Pistachia vera L.) varieties. Scientia
Horticulturae. 125: 562–568.
125. Tuluce, Y.; Saglam, A. &. Özşahin, Ş. (2019). The effect of foliar boron
spraying on growth traits and productivity of pistachio tree (Pistacia vera L.).
Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. Vol. 94, No. 5, pp:
600-607.
126. Werner, O.; Sanchez-Gomez, P.; Guerra, J. &. Martinez, J. (2001).
Identification of Pistacia x saportae Burnat (Anacardiaceae) by RAPD analysis
and morphological characters. Scientia horticulturae. 91(12): 179-186.
127. Wojcik, P. &. Wojcik, M. (2006). Effect of Boron fertilization on sweet cherry
tree yield and Fruit quality. J. of plant physio. Vol. 29 NO. 10. PP: 112-
118.
128. Wojcik, P. (2004). Up take of mineral nutrients from foliar fertilization. Journal
of fruit and ornamental plant research. vol.12: 201-218.
129. Wojcik, P.; Wojcik, M. &. Klamkowski, K. (2008). Response of apple trees to
boron fertilization under conditions of low soil boron availability. Scientia
Hortic. 116(1): 58–64.
130. Yadav, H.C.; Yadav, A.L.; Yadav D.K. &. Yadav, P.K. (2011). Effect of foliar
application of micronutrients and GA3 on fruit yield and quality of rainy season
guava (Psidium guajava L.) CV. L-49. Plant Archives. 11(1): 147–149.
131. Yua, S. K. &. Ryan, J. (2008). Boron toxicity tolerance in crops: A viable
alternative to soil amelioration. Crop and Science. 48: 854–865.132. Zaman, Q. &. Schumann, A.W. (2006). Nutrient management zones for citrus
based on variation in soil properties and tree performance. Precision Agri.
7: 45-63.
133. Zekki, H.; Gauthier, L. &. Gosselin, A. (1996). Growth, productivity and
mineral composition of hydroponically cultivated greenhouse tomatoes, with
or without nutrient solution recycling. Society for Horticultural Science.
Journal of the American. 12(16): 1082-1088.
134. Zheng, W.; Pi, M.M. &. Liu, W.D. (1989). A study on the effects of boron on
the carbon metabolism of Ramie. J. Huazhong Agr. Univ. 8: 354–360.
类型
Thesis
2024-09-10
EndNote
