Unveiling the above-ground eukaryotic diversity supported by individual large old trees: the “Life on Trees” integrative protocol
2024
Leponce, Maurice | Basset, Yves | Aristizábal-Botero, Ángela | Baïben, Noui | Barbut, Jérôme | Buyck, Bart | Butterill, Philip | Calders, Kim | Cárdenas, Glenda | Carrias, Jean-François | Catchpole, Damien | D’hont, Barbara | Delabie, Jacques, H.C. | Drescher, Jochen | Ertz, Damien | Heughebaert, André | Hofstetter, Valérie | Leroy, Celine | Melki, Frédéric | Michaux, Johan | Neita-Moreno, Jhon, César | Poirier, Eddy | Rougerie, Rodolphe | Rouhan, Germinal | Rufray, Vincent | Scheu, Stefan | Schmidl, Jürgen | Vanderpoorten, Alain | Villemant, Claire | Youdjou, Nabil | Pascal, Olivier | Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique = Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (IRSNB / RBINS) | Evolutionary Biology and Ecology [Brussels] ; Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) | Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute | Auteur indépendant | Direction générale déléguée aux collections (DGD.C) ; Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN) | Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB) ; Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA) | Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS) | Universiteit Gent = Ghent University = Université de Gand (UGENT) | University of Turku | Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA) | Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau - CEPLAC (BRAZIL) | Universidade Estadual De Santa Cruz [Brazil] (UESC) | Georg-August-University of Göttingen = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen | Meise Botanic Garden [Belgium] (Plantentuin) | Agroscope | Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Occitanie])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM) | Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Université de Liège - Faculté des sciences appliquées (ULIEGE FSA) ; Université de Liège = University of Liège = Universiteit van Luik = Universität Lüttich (ULiège) | Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt = Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute | Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg = University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU) | Integrative Biological Sciences (InBioS) ; Université de Liège = University of Liège = Universiteit van Luik = Universität Lüttich (ULiège) | Fonds de Dotation Biotope Pour La Nature (FDD Biotope), France | The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The “Life on Trees” (LOT) research program was funded by the Fonds de Dotation Biotope Pour La Nature (FDD Biotope), France. JD and SS were partly funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) project number 192 626 868, CRC990-EFForTS. | ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)
International audience
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]英语. Large tropical trees are rightly perceived as supporting a plethora of organisms. However, baseline data about the variety of taxa coexisting on single large tropical trees are lacking and prevent a full understanding of both the magnitude of biodiversity and the complexity of interactions among organisms in tropical rainforests. The two main aims of the research program “Life on Trees” (LOT) are (1) to establish baseline knowledge on the number of eukaryote species supported/hosted by the above-ground part of a single tropical tree and (2) to understand how these communities of organisms are assembled and distributed on or inside the tree. To achieve the first goal, we integrated a set of 36 methods for comprehensively sampling eukaryotes (plants, fungi, animals, protists) present on a tropical tree. The resulting LOT protocol was conceived and implemented during projects in the Andean Amazon region and is proposed here as a guideline for future projects of a similar nature. To address the second objective, we evaluated the microclimatic differences between tree zones and tested state-of-the-art terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and positioning technologies incorporating satellite and fixed base station signals (dGNSS). A marked variation in temperature and relative humidity was detected along a 6-zones Johansson scheme, a tree structure subdivision system commonly used to study the stratification of epiphytic plants. Samples were collected from these six zones, including three along the trunk and three in the canopy. To better understand how different tree components (e.g., bark, leaves, fruits, flowers, dead wood) contribute to overall tree biodiversity, we categorized observations into communities based on Johansson zones and microhabitats. TLS was an essential aid in understanding the complex tree architecture. By contrast, the accuracy of positioning samples in the tree with dGNSS was low. Comprehensively sampling the biota of individual trees offers an alternative to assessing the biodiversity of fewer groups of organisms at the forest scale. Large old tropical trees provide a wealth of microhabitats that encompass a wide range of ecological conditions, thereby capturing a broad spectrum of biodiversity.
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