Using pedigree analysis to monitor the local Piau pig breed conservation program
2014
Veroneze,R. | Lopes,P.S. | Guimarães,S.E.F. | Guimarães,J.D. | Costa,E.V. | Faria,V.R. | Costa,K.A.
The local Brazilian pig breed Piau is a lard-type pig that has undergone a breeding and selection process devised by the veterinarian Antonio Teixeira Vianna in 1939. The objective of the program was to develop a dual purpose animal, that is an animal suitable for the production of both fat and meat. The main characteristics of the Piau breed are rusticity, adaptability and high disease resistance. The conservation status of the breed is threatened, and in 1998, the Pig Breeding Farm at Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV, Viçosa, MG, Brazil) started a Piau herd for the purposes of conservation and use in genetic studies. The objectives of the present study were to describe the Piau genetic conservation program of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) and to evaluate a range of population parameters to generate information for monitoring and improving the program. Population genetic structure analysis was performed using a pedigree file of 1349 animals and ENDOG v 4.8 software. The Piau conservation program has data and a collection of pedigree registers going back to the introduction of the first animals to the Pig Breeding Farm. The program used mating control, which is based on the mating of animals with the lowest pedigree-based relationships and on the maintenance of all the population's founding families. The effective numbers of founders and ancestors in the studied Piau population are 9 and 8 animals, respectively. The average inbreeding coefficient (F), the average relatedness coefficient (AR) and the effective population size are 6.55 %, 19.74 % and 18.59, respectively. The findings support an increase in the effective population size of this population through the introduction of animals from other populations, as the small number of founders makes inbreeding control difficult.
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