Challenges to MDG Achievement in Low Income Countries : Lessons from Ghana and Honduras

Bussolo, Maurizio; Medvedev, Denis

Challenges to MDG Achievement in Low Income Countries : Lessons from Ghana and Honduras

2007

Bussolo, Maurizio | Medvedev, Denis

This paper summarizes the policy lessons from applications of the Maquette for MDG Simulations (MAMS) model to two low income countries: Ghana and Honduras. Results show that costs of MDGs achievement could reach 10-13 percent of GDP by 2015, although, given the observed low productivity in the provision of social services, significant savings may be realized by improving efficiency. Sources of financing also matter: foreign aid inflows can reduce international competitiveness through real exchange appreciation, while domestic financing can crowd out the private sector and slow poverty reduction. Spending a large share of a fixed budget on growth-enhancing infrastructure may mean sacrificing some human development, even if higher growth is usually associated with lower costs of social services. The pursuit of MDGs increases demand for skills: while this encourages higher educational attainments, in the short term this could lead to increased income inequality and a lower poverty elasticity of growth.

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accounting allocation basic education basic services child health consumers data collection debt developing countries development economics diseases economic growth economic policies exchange rate external debt gender equality health services human capital income distribution infant kids malaria millennium development goals mortality population growth ports poverty reduction private investment private sector public budget public education public expenditure public health public investment public sector public services roads rural areas sanitation savings social indicators social services taxation total costs urban areas wages workforce

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出版者

World Bank, Washington, DC

其它主题

Estimated elasticity; Growth performance; Skilled workers; Low-income countries; Rates of growth; Private sector growth; Ministry of education; Development strategies; Inequality outcomes; Public policy; Aggregate costs; Foreign grants; Resource needs; Government budget; Health outcomes; Investing; Progress; Income levels; Labor market; School fees; Wage differentials; School age; Wage growth; Bond issues; Budget constraints; Universal primary education; Young children; Social outcomes; Income growth; Public expenditure management; Domestic borrowing; Young people; Public provision; Service provision; Government policies; Child mortality; Demand for services; Gender gap; Human development; Household welfare; Earnings; Population groups; Public; Labor force; Child mortality rate; Safety nets; High growth rate; Gender disparity; Unskilled workers; Country specific; Rising demand; Public consumption; Tax; Annual growth; Real exchange rate; Growth component; Interest payments; Total public spending; Distributional effects; Marginal returns; Slum dwellers; Social service; Foreign currency; Poor countries; Child mortality rates; Sanitation services; Government expenditures; Fiscal sustainability; Infant mortality; Public investment in infrastructure; Policy research working paper; Gini coefficient; Growth rates; Public infrastructure; Public service; Health sector; Policy makers; Public sector efficiency; World trade; Live births; Development policy; Local currency; Contributions; Environmental resources; Incomes; Total cost; Computable general equilibrium; Young adults; Baseline scenario; Policy research; International community; Macroeconomic performance; Spillover; Low-income; Primary school; Health expenditures; Public spending; Wage; Educational services; Poor households; Service delivery; Spillover effects; Distribution of income; National authorities; Levels of productivity; Empirical literature; Public expenditure review; High growth; Ministry of finance; Independent variable; Infrastructure development; Poverty line; Future income; Per capita income; Government spending; Income inequality; Public safety nets; Current prices; Social affairs; Bond; Tax rate; Dependent variable; Annual growth rate; Purchasing power; Social spending; Health spending; Cost estimates; Secondary schools; Policy alternatives; Exchange rates; Contribution; Poverty lines; Increasing inequality; Labor markets; Low income; Economic shocks; Annual wage; Secondary school; Medical care; Labor supply; Capital spending; Infant mortality rate; Maternal mortality; Private consumption; Borrowing; Sanitation facilities; Future growth; Maternal mortality rate; Access to safe water; Maternal mortality rates; Public expenditures; Quality of education; Budget envelope; Millennium declaration; Public sector service delivery; Unskilled labor; Foreign borrowing; Education spending; Consumption growth; Respect; Debt sustainability; Sustainable access; Infrastructure services; Average level; Policy implications; Safe water; Tertiary education; Per capita growth; Math

语言

英语

格式

application/pdf, text/plain

许可

CC BY 3.0 IGO, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/, World Bank

自何时收录于AGRIS: 2024-10-18

修改日期: 2025-04-17

格式: Dublin Core

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链接

DOI http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/11/8665513/challenges-mdg-achievement-low-income-countries-lessons-ghana-honduras https://hdl.handle.net/10986/7544

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Challenges to MDG Achievement in Low Income Countries : Lessons from Ghana and Honduras

2007

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