Comparing Effects of Copper and Chromium Treatments on Growth of Cyperus esculentus L. in Field and in Vitro Studies and Further Explanation by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis
2018
E. D., Vwioko E. D.* | K. C., Digwe
Abstract: The contamination of agricultural soils by heavy metals following long-term use offertilisers, urbanisation and industrialisation raise concerns. The effects of copper (CuSO4) andchromium (Cr2O3) salt solutions on Cyperus esculentus tubers and plants were studied under in vitro andpotted-field conditions. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of copper andchromium ions on the growth of Cyperus esculentus. The concentrations of copper and chromium saltsolutions prepared and applied as treatments were 0 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, and 400ppm. In vitro study was set up using petri dishes. Parameters measured were percent germination,number of plumules and radicles, plumule and radicle lengths. In the field study, percent germination,plant height, fresh and dry weights were measured. The in vitro and field experiments were laid out asa completely randomised design with four replications. Germination in the in vitro study was observedin copper and chromium treated tubers 3 and 6 days after treatment (DAT) respectively. Multipleradicle and plumule formation per tuber was recorded and this was observed to be metalconcentration-dependent. Results of the field experiment showed that tubers germinated in bothcopper and chromium treated soils 5 and 7 days after planting, respectively. Copper solutionsstimulated plant height as compared to control whereas chromium concentrations greater than 100ppm inhibited plant height. These differences were significant (α = 0.05). The micrograph from theRFLP analysis revealed alterations of DNA bands obtained for 400 ppm Cu-treated and all (except100 ppm) Cr-treated plants as compared to DNA bands of control plants. It is concluded that copperinhibited Cyperus esculentus at 400 ppm only whereas concentrations above 100 ppm chromium affectedthe plant negatively.
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