Principales enfermedades que afectan al cultivo de uva (Vitis vinífera) en el Ecuador

This document addressed the issue of the main diseases that affect the cultivation of grapes (Vitis Vinifera) in Ecuador. It is worth mentioning that this pest causes potential damage to the crop in its different physiological stages and can affect from 50% to 75% in the development, flowering and fruiting of the grape crop currently and that its effects can be seen in the yield and quality in the fruit of this crop. These microorganisms become the most important pest since they are responsible for diseases, in addition to frost they are one of the causes of the losses they cause in a vineyard. Fungi can nest in the remains of old roots and lead to infection and damage to young cuttings. Viruses are also present in all the vineyards. The vehicle for transmitting the virus to the new cuttings is the old roots, which can remain perfectly alive in the ground for more than a year and, once dead, leave harmful residues for many years, especially the nematodes that parasitize the roots. In wine-producing areas, diseases go unnoticed since evaluation, monitoring and proper control are not carried out, as if it were done with crop problems such as fertilization, weeds, irrigation and drainage, however, it must be taken into account. note that the damage caused by diseases in the grape crop has an impact on production estimates and that some fruit producers see it as a normal damage of this fruit species and it is that due to ignorance and lack of interest in improving its presentation and quality of the grape, is the main reason that it seriously affects the production and prices of the crop that affect the moment of marketing it, be it locally or for export to the North American and European markets where the fruit has good demand and acceptance by consumers.

This document addressed the issue of the main diseases that affect the cultivation of grapes (Vitis Vinifera) in Ecuador. It is worth mentioning that this pest causes potential damage to the crop in its different physiological stages and can affect from 50% to 75% in the development, flowering and fruiting of the grape crop currently and that its effects can be seen in the yield and quality in the fruit of this crop. These microorganisms become the most important pest since they are responsible for diseases, in addition to frost they are one of the causes of the losses they cause in a vineyard. Fungi can nest in the remains of old roots and lead to infection and damage to young cuttings. Viruses are also present in all the vineyards. The vehicle for transmitting the virus to the new cuttings is the old roots, which can remain perfectly alive in the ground for more than a year and, once dead, leave harmful residues for many years, especially the nematodes that parasitize the roots. In wine-producing areas, diseases go unnoticed since evaluation, monitoring and proper control are not carried out, as if it were done with crop problems such as fertilization, weeds, irrigation and drainage, however, it must be taken into account. note that the damage caused by diseases in the grape crop has an impact on production estimates and that some fruit producers see it as a normal damage of this fruit species and it is that due to ignorance and lack of interest in improving its presentation and quality of the grape, is the main reason that it seriously affects the production and prices of the crop that affect the moment of marketing it, be it locally or for export to the North American and European markets where the fruit has good demand and acceptance by consumers.

El presente documento abordó el tema sobre las Principales enfermedades que afectan al cultivo de uva (Vitis vinífera) en el Ecuador. Es de mencionar que esta plaga realiza un daño potencial al cultivo en sus diferentes etapas fisiológicas y pudiendo afectar desde un 50% hasta en un 75% en el desarrollo, floración y fructificación del cultivo de uva actualmente y que sus efectos lo podemos visualizar en el rendimiento y calidad en la fruta de este cultivo. Estos microorganismos se convierten en la plaga de mayor importancia ya que son responsables de enfermedades, además de las heladas son uno de los causantes de las pérdidas que ocasionan en un viñedo. Los hongos pueden anidar en los restos de viejas raíces y dar lugar a infecciones y daños en las jóvenes estacas. En todos los viñedos están presentes también las virosis el vehículo de transmisión de las virosis a las nuevas estacas lo constituyen las viejas raíces, que pueden permanecer en el terreno perfectamente vivas durante más de un año y una vez muertas dejan residuos dañinos durante bastantes años, especialmente los nematodos que parasitan las raíces en las zonas vinícolas pasa de manera desapercibida las enfermedades ya que no se lleva una evaluación, monitoreo y un debido control, como si se lo realiza con el problemas del cultivo como son la fertilización, malezas, riego y drenaje, sin embargo hay tomar en cuenta que el daño ocasionado por las enfermedades en el cultivo de uva repercute en los estimativos de producción y que algunos productores de la fruta lo ven como un daño normal de esta especie frutal y es que debido al desconocimiento y la falta de interés por mejorar su presentación y calidad de la uva, es el principal motivo de que afecte seriamente a la producción y precios del cultivo son que afectan al momento de comercializarla sea esta de manera local o de exportación hacia los mercados norte americanos y europeos en donde la fruta tiene buena demanda y aceptación por parte de los consumidores.