Producción del cultivo de maracuyá (Passiflora edulis) en el Ecuador

Passion fruit in Ecuador represents a non-traditional fruit crop as a sustainable and profitable alternative for Ecuadorian agricultural producers, because this fruit has a high demand in the international market, generating employment and foreign exchange that contributes to boosting the rural economy in the productive areas. The information obtained was carried out through the analysis, synthesis and summary technique. Due to the above details, within the production of passion fruit cultivation there are various edaphoclimatic factors that intervene in the yield and quality of the crop, the following being the most relevant: temperature, relative humidity, altitude, wind, heliophany, precipitation and soils. Passion fruit cultivation requires an optimal temperature range of 23-25°C; although its adaptation temperature is between 21 and 32°C; the same one that is related to an altitude of 300 to 900 meters. Passion fruit requires a relative humidity of 80% to promote pollen viability and receptivity to important pollination factors and for high, uniform fertilization. The passion fruit is a tropical climate plant that requires a water supply with an annual deposit of 800 to 1750 mm distributed evenly throughout the 12 months of the year. Passion fruit is a photoperiodic plant that needs at least 11 hours of light a day to flower; If the daylight hours are short and the light duration is less than this number of hours, flower production decreases. In the production of passion fruit crops there are agronomic factors that intervene such as: propagation, sowing, sowing density, soil preparation, furrowing, pitting, staking, pruning, irrigation, weed control, fertilization, pest management and harvest.

Passion fruit in Ecuador represents a non-traditional fruit crop as a sustainable and profitable alternative for Ecuadorian agricultural producers, because this fruit has a high demand in the international market, generating employment and foreign exchange that contributes to boosting the rural economy in the productive areas. The information obtained was carried out through the analysis, synthesis and summary technique. Due to the above details, within the production of passion fruit cultivation there are various edaphoclimatic factors that intervene in the yield and quality of the crop, the following being the most relevant: temperature, relative humidity, altitude, wind, heliophany, precipitation and soils. Passion fruit cultivation requires an optimal temperature range of 23-25°C; although its adaptation temperature is between 21 and 32°C; the same one that is related to an altitude of 300 to 900 meters. Passion fruit requires a relative humidity of 80% to promote pollen viability and receptivity to important pollination factors and for high, uniform fertilization. The passion fruit is a tropical climate plant that requires a water supply with an annual deposit of 800 to 1750 mm distributed evenly throughout the 12 months of the year. Passion fruit is a photoperiodic plant that needs at least 11 hours of light a day to flower; If the daylight hours are short and the light duration is less than this number of hours, flower production decreases. In the production of passion fruit crops there are agronomic factors that intervene such as: propagation, sowing, sowing density, soil preparation, furrowing, pitting, staking, pruning, irrigation, weed control, fertilization, pest management and harvest.

La maracuyá en el Ecuador representa un cultivo de frutas no tradicionales como alternativa sostenible y rentable para los productores agrícolas ecuatorianos, debido a que esta fruta posee una alta demanda en el mercado internacional, generando empleo y divisas que contribuyen a dinamizar la economía rural en las zonas productivas. La información obtenida fue efectuada mediante la técnica del análisis, síntesis y resumen. Por lo anteriormente detallado se Dentro de la producción del cultivo de maracuyá existen diversos factores edafoclimáticos que intervienen en el rendimiento y calidad del cultivo siendo los siguientes de mayor relevancia: temperatura, humedad relativa, altitud, viento, heliofanía, precipitación y suelos. El cultivo de maracuyá requiere un rango de temperatura óptimo de 23-25°C; aunque su temperatura de adaptación está entre 21 y 32°C; la misma que está relacionada con una altitud de 300 a 900 metros. La maracuyá requiere una humedad relativa del 80 % para promover la viabilidad del polen y la receptividad a importantes factores de polinización y para una fertilización alta y uniforme. La maracuyá es una planta de clima tropical que requiere un aporte hídrico con una precipitación anual de 800 a 1750 mm distribuida uniformemente en los 12 meses del año. La maracuyá es una planta fotoperiódica que necesita al menos 11 horas de luz al día para florecer; si las horas de luz son cortas y la duración de la luz es inferior a este número de horas, la producción de flores disminuye. En la producción del cultivo de maracuyá existen factores agronómicos que intervienen tales como: propagación, siembra, densidad de siembra, preparación del suelo, trazado de surcos, hoyado, tutorado, podas, riego, control de malezas, fertilización, manejo de plagas y cosecha.