Manejo integrado del perforador del fruto Cerconota anonella Sepp,1830 en el cultivo de guanábana Annona muricata y su impacto en el rendimiento

Soursop is a non-traditional fruit in Ecuador, it is also known by its scientific name of Annona muricata. They are bushes that produce soft fruits with their green skin with pimples and their pulp is sweet, juicy and fibrous, it normally grows in moderate climates, but over time it has been adapted to different climates, the suitable soil for soursop is those with a loamy or loamy-clay texture At the national level, the Annona muricata has a low demand due to the fact that in Ecuador the nutritional level and the benefits of this fruit are unknown, which despite not being produced as much, is exported to other countries. Soursop farmers have had to deal with pest insects, since these, if not detected in time, cause damage to the tree and in some cases, can kill it or lower its production. Soursop is affected by Cerconota anonella defoliators that cause considerable losses in the yield and quality of the fruit. These pest insects generally feed on the flowers, but if they are not detected in time, they attack the fruit, causing serious damage. That is why we have to control the defoliated in time, the best control methods are: cultural control, which consists of using plastic bags to bag the fruit, although in some cases it can rot the fruit; while in biological control some parasitoids and natural predators of Cerconota anonella have been found, which attack and eliminate them, although they are difficult to find and chemical control is the most used despite the fact that they are harmful to human health and contaminate the environment. environment, the most used insecticides are: Trichlorfon, Permethrin and Imidacloprid

Soursop is a non-traditional fruit in Ecuador, it is also known by its scientific name of Annona muricata. They are bushes that produce soft fruits with their green skin with pimples and their pulp is sweet, juicy and fibrous, it normally grows in moderate climates, but over time it has been adapted to different climates, the suitable soil for soursop is those with a loamy or loamy-clay texture At the national level, the Annona muricata has a low demand due to the fact that in Ecuador the nutritional level and the benefits of this fruit are unknown, which despite not being produced as much, is exported to other countries. Soursop farmers have had to deal with pest insects, since these, if not detected in time, cause damage to the tree and in some cases, can kill it or lower its production. Soursop is affected by Cerconota anonella defoliators that cause considerable losses in the yield and quality of the fruit. These pest insects generally feed on the flowers, but if they are not detected in time, they attack the fruit, causing serious damage. That is why we have to control the defoliated in time, the best control methods are: cultural control, which consists of using plastic bags to bag the fruit, although in some cases it can rot the fruit; while in biological control some parasitoids and natural predators of Cerconota anonella have been found, which attack and eliminate them, although they are difficult to find and chemical control is the most used despite the fact that they are harmful to human health and contaminate the environment. environment, the most used insecticides are: Trichlorfon, Permethrin and Imidacloprid

La guanábana es un fruto no tradicional en el Ecuador, es conocido también con su nombre científico de Annona muricata. Son arbustos que originan frutos blandos con su cascara de color verde con espinillas y su pulpa es dulce jugosa y fibrosa, normalmente crece en climas moderados, pero con el pasar del tiempo se ha ido acoplando a diversos climas, el suelo adecuado para la guanábana son los de textura franca o franco-arcillosa. A nivel nacional la Annona muricata tiene una baja demanda debido que en el Ecuador se desconoce el nivel nutricional y los beneficios que tiene esta fruta, que a pesar de no ser tan producida se exporta a otros países. Los agricultores de guanábana han tenido que lidiar con los insectos plagas, ya que estos, si no son detectados a tiempo causan daño al árbol y en algunos casos, pueden llegar a matarlo o bajar su producción. La guanábana es afectada por defoliadores Cerconota anonella que provocan pérdidas considerables en el rendimiento y la calidad del fruto, estos insectos plagas por lo general se alimentan de las flores, pero si no son detectados a tiempo ataca al fruto causando graves daños en el mismo. Es por eso que tenemos que realizar el control de los defoliados a tiempo, los mejores métodos de control son: el control cultural, que consiste en utilizar bolsas de plástico para embolsar frutos, aunque en algunos casos puede podrir el fruto; mientras que en el control biológico se han encontrado algunos parasitoides y depredadores naturales de Cerconota anonella, que los atacan y eliminan, aunque son difíciles de encontrar y el control químico es el más utilizado a pesar de que son dañinos para la salud humana y contaminan el medio ambiente, los insecticidas más usados son: Triclorfon, Permetrina y Imidacloprid