CONTAMINATION OF PROPOLIS USED AS A DIETARY SUPPLEMENT

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif][if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif][if !mso]><object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id=ieooui></object> <mce:style><! st1:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } --> <!--[endif][if gte mso 10]--> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Standardowy; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} --> <!--[endif] --><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN-US">The aim of the study was to determine the extent of chosen toxic elements (zinc, copper, lead, arsenic and cadmium) bioaccumulation in propolis collected in Opole area. The present study </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN">demonstrates</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN">that</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN">propolis</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN">can be used</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN">as a dietary supplement.</span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> The</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri;" lang="EN-US"> research material were samples of propolis originated from 3 bee colonies in 30 apiaries (n=3x30=90). Quantitative analysis of studied elements were conducted using Varian ICP-AES plasma spectrometer with mass detection controlled, and CETAC-5000 AT ultrasonic nebulizer. The presence of toxic elements was determined in an examined biological materials. The sequence of accumulation level of studied elements in propolis was as follows: Zn>>Cu>Pb>As>Cd. An average concentration of zinc, copper, lead, arsenic and cadmium amounted<span>&nbsp; </span>to 56.28, 7.12, 6.91, 0.745, 0.218 mg<strong>^.</strong>kg^-1, respectively<span style="color: black;">. </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN">Only the</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN">copper average</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN">content in</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN">propolis</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN">was within</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN">acceptable</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN">standards,</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN">whereas the mean</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN">contents of</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN">other elements</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN">greatly</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN">exceed</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN">these standards. All</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN">portions of</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN">propolis</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN"> should be subjected </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN">to</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN">toxicological</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN">testing before</span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN-US">applying these samples for </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; color: black;" lang="EN">internal use.<br /><br /><strong>doi:10.5219/184</strong></span></span>