Climate change can give rise to significant changes in the intensity and frequency of extreme events. In the present study, extreme wave events off the central-eastern coast of the Red Sea, near the city of Jeddah, were investigated using a 39-year wave hindcast generated using WaveWatch III configured at a 3.3 km resolution forced with ERA5 reanalysis winds. The validated model outputs were used to derive the annual and seasonal climatology for the region at a few selected locations off the Jeddah coast. The study revealed robust temporal and spatial variability in the region, considering the influence of both northern and southern Red Sea waves that meet at the convergent zone. Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) and Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) were two models used for the estimation of extreme wave analysis in the study region. The extreme significant wave heights were estimated for 10, 25, 50, and 100-year return periods. For offshore locations, the estimated return periods using the GPD method were 3.27, 3.44, and 3.38 m, respectively. GPD with the POT method was the more suitable approach, as it produced reduced bias and RMSE. At all locations, linear trends show an increase during the summer, winter, and pre-summer periods. No significant increase in the Hs trend was observed at the selected locations near and off the coast. However, the decrease in trend observed at all locations during the pre-winter period was noticeable for the 99th percentile Hs.
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Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
卷
10
期
6
页码
748
ISSN
2077-1312
出版者
MDPI AG
其它主题
Gev; Gpd
语言
英语
2024-12-11
2025-09-23
DOAJ