云南引种9个品种美国山核桃营养成分分析Nutritional components analysis of 9 main varieties of Carya illinoinensis introduced in Yunnan

为探究云南引种美国山核桃品种之间的品质差异，为其深加工和品种选育奠定理论基础，选择9个有代表性的美国山核桃品种，测定其种仁的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、维生素E、微量元素含量和脂肪酸组成，并对各指标进行相关性分析。结果表明：9个品种的美国山核桃种仁粗蛋白质含量在437~7.96 g/100 g之间，平均值为5.88 g/100 g；粗脂肪含量在53.21%~74.91%之间，平均值为65.90%；维生素E含量在0.89~1.22 mg/g之间，平均值为1.04 mg/g；9个品种美国山核桃种仁Zn、Fe、Ca含量平均值分别为0.068、0.118、0.514 mg/g，Pb含量平均值为0.115 μg/g，低于国标限值；9个品种美国山核桃种仁脂肪酸组成基本一致，主要为油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚麻酸等；相关性分析表明各指标间均存在不同程度的正相关或负相关。不同品种美国山核桃在基本营养成分、脂肪酸组成及微量元素含量方面各有侧重，在精深加工过程中需要根据成品、配料、加工工艺等有针对性地选择，在品种培育方面，也可以根据各品种特点进行定向培养。In order to explore the quality differences among the main varieties of Carya illinoinensis introduced in Yunnan, and lay a theoretical foundation for their further processing and variety breeding, 9 representative varieties of Carya illinoinensis were selected, and the contents of crude protein, crude fat, vitamin E, microelements and fatty acid composition of the kernel were determined, and correlation analysis on various indicators was conducted. The results showed that the crude protein content of 9 varieties of Carya illinoinensis was 4.37-7.96 g/100 g, with an average value of 5.88 g/100 g; the crude fat content was 53.21%-74.91%, with an average value of 65.90%; the content of vitamin E was 089-1.22 mg/g, with an average value of 1.04 mg/g. The average values of Zn, Fe and Ca contents were 0.068, 0.118 mg/g and 0.514 mg/g, respectively; the average value of Pb content was 0.115 μg/g, lower than the national standard limit value. The fatty acids composition of 9 varieties of Carya illinoinensis was basically the same, and the order of their contents was oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linolenic acid, etc. Correlation analysis showed that there was varying degrees of positive or negative correlation between various indicators. Different varieties of Carya illinoinensis have their own emphasis on basic nutritional composition，fatty acid composition, and microelements content. In the process of deep processing of Carya illinoinensis, targeted selection of different varieties is required based on the finished product, ingredients, processing technology, etc. In terms of variety cultivation, targeted cultivation can also be carried out based on the characteristics of each variety.