2021年泰安市粮油食品中黄曲霉毒素B1污染状况 及膳食暴露风险评估Risk assessment of aflatoxin B1 pollution status and dietary exposure in grain and oil food in Tai′an in 2021

为降低泰安市居民黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)的膳食摄入风险，指导消费者购买安全食品提供依据，随机采集2021年泰安市各县市区内小麦粉、大米、谷物加工品、玉米粉、玉米油、花生油、坚果炒货等粮油食品共计553份，采用高效液相色谱-柱后衍生法对其AFB1含量进行检测，并采用暴露限值（MOE）法和数学模型法对不同种类、不同来源、不同地区、不同人群粮油食品AFB1膳食暴露水平进行评估。结果表明：泰安市粮油食品中AFB1总检出率分别为2.53%，平均含量为0.73 μg/kg，总不合格率为0.72%；高新区、新泰市、宁阳县3个县市区小作坊、小食杂店，餐饮店，小型超市购进的花生油与玉米粉中AFB1检出率较高；泰安市粮油食品AFB1暴露量为3.90 ng/（kg·d），MOE为103，AFB1致肝癌发病风险为0.084 2 例/（10万人·年）；玉米粉、小麦粉、花生油中AFB1膳食暴露风险较高，高新区、新泰市、宁阳县3个县市区小作坊、小食杂店，餐饮店粮油食品中AFB1膳食暴露风险较高；不同人群粮油食品中AFB1膳食暴露风险差别不大。综上，泰安市粮油食品中AFB1膳食暴露风险较高，仍需持续关注，有关部门应加强监管力度。 To reduce the dietary intake risk of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in Tai′an and provide a basis for guiding consumers to purchase safe food, a total of 553 samples of wheat flour, rice, processed cereals, corn flour, corn oil, peanut oil, and roasted nuts were randomly collected from various administrative areas of Tai′an in 2021, and the content of AFB1 was accurately detected by high performance liquid chromatography-post-column derivation method. The dietary exposure levels of AFB1 in different types, sources, regions and populations of grain and oil product were evaluated using the exposure limit method(MOE) and mathematical modeling method. The results showed that the total detection rate of AFB1 was 2.53%, the average content was 0.73 μg/kg, and the total unqualified rate was 0.72%. The detection rates of AFB1 in the peanut oil and the corn flour purchased by small workshops, small grocery stores, restaurants and small supermarkets in High-tech District, Xintai city and Ningyang county were higher. The exposure amount of AFB1 in grain and oil product in Tai′an was 3.90 ng/ (kg·d), the MOE was 103, and the risk of liver cancer caused by AFB1 was 0.084 2cases/(100 000 people-years). The dietary exposure risk of AFB1 in corn flour, wheat flour and peanut oil was high, and as well as the grain and oil product from the small workshops, small grocery stores, restaurants of High-tech district, Xintai city, Ningyang county. The dietary exposure risk of AFB1 in different populations had no obvious differences. In conclusion, the dietary exposure risk of AFB1 in grain and oil product in Tai′an is high, and still needs continuous attention and supervision by the relevant authorities.