Effect of Selected Factors on Hematological and Trace Blood Traits of Cows

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of altitude, season of year, management system, and breed on hematological markers and micromineral concentrations in cows. The highest haemoglobin concentration was at the altitude 550 m (128.48 g.L-1) (P<0.001). The lower levels of haemoglobin and haematocrit (102.27  g.L-1 and 0.28  L.L-1) in the spring 2006. Differences among breeds were significant (P<0.001). The highest count of leucocytes was found in Spring 2006 and the lowest in Spring 2005 (9.94  G.L-1 and 6.15 G.L-1). Differences among Breeds were also significant (P<0.01). The percentage of lymphocytes and neutrophiles differed (P<0.001) in Factors Altitude and Breed, the content of monocytes differed significantly in the factors Altitude and Season of Year only (P<0.05, P<0.001). The lowest percentage of eosinophiles was found at the altitude 550 m (4.45 %) and the highest at the altitude 910 m (14.34) (P<0.001). The highest value of phagocytose index was recorded at the altitude 550 mlated chaf )allones, 2003) (21.34 %) and the lowest value at the altitude 910 m (14.73 %) (P<0.001). The highest copper and zinc concentrations were found athe the altitude 550 m (13.42 μmol.l-1 and 18.18 μmol.l-1) and the lowest at the altitude 910 m (copper 10.17 μmol.l-1; P<0.001) and 675 m above sea (zinc  12.77 μmol.l-1; P<0.001). Similarly, the highest values of copper and zinc were recorded at the Fall 2005 (14.63 μmol.l-1 and 16.31 μmol.l-1). The lower concentration of the copper (7.54 μmol.l-1) was found at the Spring of 2005. The highest values were found in Holstein breed (13.73 μmol.L-1 and 17.55 μmol.L-1) (P<0.001). We found higher concentrations in non-ecological system in both parameters (13.25 μmol.L-1  and 16.25 μmol.L-1  vs. 9.81 μmol.L-1  and 14.65 μmol.L-1).