Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals the Molecular Mechanisms of the Glycolysis and TCA Cycle Pathways in <i>Rhododendron chrysanthum</i> Pall. under UV-B Stress

UV-B radiation is becoming a bigger threat to plants as a result of the ozone layer’s depletion. As an alpine plant, <i>Rhododendron chrysanthum</i> Pall. (<i>R. chrysanthum</i>) may grow regularly under UV-B radiation throughout its lengthy acclimatization period, although the mechanism of acclimatization is still poorly understood. The current investigation uncovered a number of adaptation strategies that <i>R. chrysanthum</i> has developed in reaction to UV-B rays. UV-B radiation impeded photosynthesis and damaged the photosystem, according to OJIP testing. Through transcriptomics and proteomics analyses, this study found that the differential proteins and differential genes of <i>R. chrysanthum</i> were significantly enriched in glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle pathways after UV-B treatment. The metabolomics results showed that a total of eight differential metabolites were detected in the glycolytic and TCA cycle pathways, and the changes in the expression of these metabolites reflected the final outcome of gene regulation in the glycolytic and TCA cycle pathways. The combined experimental results demonstrated that <i>R. chrysanthum</i>’s photosynthetic system was impacted by UV-B stress and, concurrently, the plant activated an adaptation mechanism in response to the stress. To maintain its energy supply for growth, <i>R. chrysanthum</i> adapts to UV-B stress by adjusting the expression of the relevant proteins, genes, and metabolites in the glycolytic and TCA cycling pathways. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the changes in the carbon metabolism of <i>R. chrysanthum</i> under UV-B stress and its mechanisms for UV-B resistance, and provides an important theoretical basis for the study of enhancing plant resistance to stress.