THE ABILITY TO FORM POTATOES OF THE PROGENY OF INTERSPECIFIC AND INTRASPECIFIC POTATO HYBRIDS

The results of the study are devoted to the important problem of potatoes – the attachment of large numbers of tubers to plants. Therefore, the purpose of the experiment was to determine the effect of the crossing components on the expression of the index among the off spring of original material created with the participation of Mexican wild potato species. The studies were performed according to the methods adopted for breeding and genetic experiments with potatoes. The highest number of tubers (up to 12 pieces/nest) was characterized by the six-species hybrid 81.459s18, three-time backcross of the six-species hybrid 08.195/73, as well as the variety of intra-species origin of Podolia. The mean of the parents on manifestation of the trait depended on its expression in the crossing components and the maximum was 13.6 tubers/nest in the crossing components of the hybrid 08.195/73 and the Partner variety. The offspring of the combinations differed significantly in the limits of manifestation of the trait. It is established that its minimum value is due to the use of the maternal form of the Verdi variety. The opposite was true of the descendants of the crosses of Bagryanа x 89.202s79. Depending on the other component of the crossing, a specific reaction of the Podolia variety to the maximum number of tubers in the nest was detected. Selected populations with an average manifestation of a trait among offspring of more than 10 tubers/nest, which exceeded the expression of the standard varieties by 2 or more times. Successful in this respect were combinations of 10.6G38 x Podolia, Basis x Podolia, Bagryanа x 89.202s79 and Teteriv x Streams. The opposite was true for populations of Verdi x Basis and Stream x Podolia. A high or very close correlation was established between the mean population value of the indicator and, in part, offspring with a higher expression of the trait than in the better parental form; the average offspring and the proportion of hybrids with the number of tubers in the nest 10 pcs. and larger, and with more of them than in the best parent form.