MANIFESTATION OF ADAPTIVE VARIABILITY OF WINTER GARLIC FOR INTRODUCTIONS IN THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE
2020
V. Yatsenko
Garlic is quite common in all climatic zones of the Ukraine, but the increase in production of this valuable crop is largely extensive, due to the increased area. The phenotypic variability of morphometric features and the adaptive capacity of varieties and collections of garlic of winter of different ecological and geographical origin are analyzed. As a result of studying the variability of biometric indicators, it was founded that the greatest differences between varieties by indicators of leaf width – V=15.6 % (over the years 17.1–22.8 %), height of scape – V=28.2 % (over the years 17.4–29.3 %) and number of air bulbs in inflorescence – V=68.3 % (over the years 67.0–70.8 %). It is noted that using the modern intensive cultivars of Lubasha and Khando provides the formation of winter garlic yield at the level of 16.0–18.9 t/ha (+5.3–8.2 t/ha) and the use of promising variety samples No. 1, 5, 6, 13, 19 and No. 21 will provide yield at the level of 14.6–19.4 t/ha (+3.9–8.7 t/ha). It was found that the intensive cultivars of winter garlic of Lubasha (Total Adaptive Capacity=2.42), Dushes (Total Adaptive Capacity=4.63) and Khando (Total Adaptive Capacity=5.70) were the most adaptable. The most adaptive variety samples were No. 6 (Total Adaptive Capacity=6.29), No. 13 (Total Adaptive Capacity=4.12), No. 5 (Total Adaptive Capacity=3.22), and variety samples with high breeding value of the genotype should be used for further breeding and high phenotypic of the yield stability. The results obtained will allow qualitative selection and evaluation of initial forms for further breeding for adaptability and to create cultivars for specific soil and climatic conditions.
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