Special aspects of radish selection and its seed breeding in Siberia

Relevance An adaptive approach to the selection of vegetable plants highlights Siberian region for the distinctness of the general climate manifestations. The region is characterized by the general aridity of spring and the first half of summer combined with the sharp fluctuations of temperature during the growing season, a short frost-free period. And there is a positive aspect of the Siberian climate – the high level of solar insolation contributes to the intensification of photosynthesis and hastens all growth processes, reducing the need for the sum of biological temperatures, on average, by 200-300 degrees. Methods The developmental biology of radish in Siberian conditions has a number of characteristic features. Siberian radish cultivars have individual traits of the cropper development with the formation of plant ability of productive and generative time of germination in these conditions. During the period of breeding work in the region, 9 radish cultivars have been created and reproduced with various methods. Among them 5 cultivars have been created with methods of individual and mass selection from the best hybrid combinations of crossing, 2 cultivars with method of polyploidy, 1 cultivar with the method of inbred lines with the ability to fix the necessary characteristics in the generation, 1 cultivar with the use of pigmentation genes transgression when fixing the violet colour of the radish-root. Results The study of radish growth and its development with the replanting and direct method of obtaining seeds solves the issues of expanding the distribution range of Siberian selection cultivars. Qualitative seeds can be obtained only with the replanting method in the conditions of Siberia, in which the plants go through all the necessary stages of jarovization, excluding subsequently premature bolting.