The Effects of Fumonisin-B1 Determined Storage Wheat on Sensory and some Physiological Parameters in Rats

This study was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Food Science / College of Agriculture/ University of Tikrit with the aim of isolating and diagnosing fungi contaminated by stored wheat grains and estimating the concentration of FB1 in it and determining its physiological effects in rats, The results of the study showed the presence of Aspergillus sp. molds by 38 in the tested samples, followed by Fusarium sp. by 28 and Alternaria alternata by 19 then the genus Penicillium sp. by 10 and Mucor sp. by 5. The presence of FB1 toxin in local and imported wheat samples was also investigated by estimating using ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immune Sorbent Assays) as its highest concentration was 2.240 mg/kg in local wheat from the A-Dour district, while the lowest concentration was 0.103 mg/kg in Australian wheat samples. The ability of F.monliforme mold isolates to produce FB1 was also studied, it was found that they were capable of producing toxin with concentrations of 4.264 mg / kg in local wheat samples taken from Al-Dour district and 3.597 mg / kg in local wheat samples taken from Baiji district. Using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). With regard to the sensory evaluation of wheat flour used in the study, the best results for wheat flour of Australian wheat gave the highest results which reached 24 degrees while the worst results for wheat flour of Baiji which amounted to 14 degrees for the qualities studied: color, smell. With regard to the sensory evaluation of beard made from wheat samples in this study, the highest was recorded 33 degrees for Australian wheat and lowest evaluation for Dour wheat with 24 degrees with regard to the studied qualities of color, smell, taste. The effect of FB1 on the rate of weight gain in male rats has also been studied, the presence of this toxin in the rats' diet led to a significant decrease in weight after 21 days of the trial age, where the average weight in the T3 treatment was 141 g and the results showed a significant increase in the relative weight of the liver and Kidney in treatment T3 was 4.6g and 1.7g respectively.