Comprehensive Assessment of Herbicide Toxicity on <i>Navicula</i> sp. Algae: Effects on Growth, Chlorophyll Content, Antioxidant System, and Lipid Metabolism
2024
Chunyan Zheng | Jie Yang | Yunting Wang | Waqas Ahmed | Amir Khan | Jiannan Li | Jiechang Weng | Sajid Mehmood | Weidong Li
This study investigated the effects of herbicide exposure on <i>Navicula</i> sp. (MASCC-0035) algae, focusing on growth density, chlorophyll content, antioxidant system, and lipid metabolism. <i>Navicula</i> cultures were exposed to different concentrations of atrazine (ATZ), glyphosate (Gly), and acetochlor (ACT) for 96 h. Results showed a significant decrease in cell numbers, with higher herbicide concentrations having the most noticeable impacts. For instance, Gly-G2 had reduced cell populations by 21.00% at 96 h. Chlorophyll content varied, with Gly having a greater impact on chlorophyll a compared to ATZ and ACT. Herbicide exposure also affected the antioxidant system, altering levels of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Higher herbicide rates increased soluble sugar content (e.g., ATZ, Gly, and ACT-G2 had increased by 14.03%, 19.88%, and 19.83%, respectively, at 72 h) but decreased soluble protein content, notably in Gly-G2 by 11.40%, indicating cellular stress. Lipid metabolism analysis revealed complex responses, with changes in free proline, fatty acids, and lipase content, each herbicide exerting distinct effects. These findings highlight the multifaceted impacts of herbicide exposure on <i>Navicula</i> algae, emphasizing the need for further research to understand ecological implications and develop mitigation strategies for aquatic ecosystems.
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