Efficacy of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Pathogenicity of Oral Microcosm Biofilms
2024
Hee-Eun Kim
This study aimed to compare the longitudinal efficacy between chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX; 0.12%) and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in reducing oral biofilm pathogenicity, utilizing a quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital (QLF-D) camera. Oral microcosm biofilms were developed for 2 days on 57 hydroxyapatite disks. These biofilms were treated with distilled water for 1 min, CHX for 1 min, and CAP for 2 min over the course of 6 days. The red fluorescence intensities of the biofilms were measured using a QLF-D and expressed as pre- and post-treatment red/green ratios (Ratio<sub>R/G</sub>). The bacterial viability (ratio of the green-stained area to the total stained area, Ratio<sub>G/G+R</sub>) was calculated using live/dead bacterial staining; the total and aciduric bacterial counts were determined. A significant intergroup difference was found between Ratio<sub>R/G</sub> changes according to the treatment period (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The Ratio<sub>R/G</sub> observed within the CAP-treated group was significantly lower compared with the CHX-treated group at every interval of measurement (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The CAP-treated group also exhibited a lower Ratio<sub>G/G+R</sub> and more weakened bacterial aggregation compared with the CHX-treated group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the group treated with CAP, the counts of both total and aciduric bacteria were substantially reduced compared with the DW group, with a statistically significant reduction (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Therefore, CAP may be more effective in minimizing oral microcosm biofilm pathogenicity than 0.12% CHX.
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