Deep-Sea Anemones Are Prospective Source of New Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Compounds
2021
Aleksandra Kvetkina | Elena Kostina | Irina Gladkikh | Victoria Chausova | Ekaterina Yurchenko | Irina Bakunina | Mikhail Pivkin | Stanislav Anastyuk | Roman Popov | Margarita Monastyrnaya | Emma Kozlovskaya | Marina Isaeva | Pavel Dmitrenok | Elena Leychenko
The peculiarities of the survival and adaptation of deep-sea organisms raise interest in the study of their metabolites as promising drugs. In this work, the hemolytic, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and enzyme-inhibitory activities of tentacle extracts from five species of sea anemones (Cnidaria, orders Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia) collected near the Kuril and Commander Islands of the Far East of Russia were evaluated for the first time. The extracts of <i>Liponema brevicorne</i> and <i>Actinostola callosa</i> demonstrated maximal hemolytic activity, while high cytotoxic activity against murine splenocytes and Ehrlich carcinoma cells was found in the extract of <i>Actinostola faeculenta</i>. The extracts of <i>Corallimorphus</i> cf. <i>pilatus</i> demonstrated the greatest activity against Ehrlich carcinoma cells but were not toxic to mouse spleen cells. Sea anemones <i>C.</i> cf. <i>pilatus</i> and <i>Stomphia coccinea</i> are promising sources of antimicrobial and antifungal compounds, being active against Gram-positive bacteria <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and yeast <i>Candida albicans</i>. Moreover, all sea anemones contain α-galactosidase inhibitors. Peptide mass fingerprinting of <i>L. brevicorne</i> and <i>C.</i> cf. <i>pilatus</i> extracts provided a wide range of peptides, predominantly with molecular masses of 4000–5900 Da, which may belong to a known or new structural class of toxins. The obtained data allow concluding that deep-sea anemones are a promising source of compounds for drug discovery.
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