The Northernmost Occurrence of the Tropical-Subtropical Brittle Star <i>Ophiocoma</i> (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from a Late Cretaceous Rocky Shore in Southern Sweden
2023
Ben Thuy | Lea D. Numberger-Thuy
In spite of considerable progress during the last few years, the fossil record of the ophiuroids, or brittle stars, is still poorly known, especially with respect to taxa restricted to specific environments. Here, we describe new ophiuroid fossils collected from an Upper Cretaceous rocky shore in Ivö Klack, southern Sweden, consisting of fully disarticulated skeletal remains retrieved from the sediments deposited between boulders and hummocks. The fossils are identified as a new species of the extant ophiocomid genus <i>Ophiocoma</i>. In a critical revision of the ophiocomid fossil record, we show that all fossils previously assigned to the Ophiocomidae belong to other families. Thus, the fossil record of the Ophiocomidae is currently restricted to the new species described herein, and <i>Amphiura</i>? <i>gigantiformis</i> from the Miocene of Austria which, in fact, is a species of <i>Ophiocoma</i>. Since recent species of <i>Ophiocoma</i> exclusively occur in tropical to subtropical shallow subtidal environments, our discovery of a fossil <i>Ophiocoma</i> species in the rocky shore sediments of Ivö therefore conforms with the previously assumed subtropical palaeotemperatures prevailing in southern Sweden during the Late Cretaceous. Most notably, it represents the northernmost occurrence of an ophiocomid recorded to date.
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