Analysis of the Effects of the <i>Vrn-1</i> and <i>Ppd-1</i> Alleles on Adaptive and Agronomic Traits in Common Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.)
2024
Kirill O. Plotnikov | Alexandra I. Klimenko | Ekaterina S. Ovchinnikova | Sergey A. Lashin | Nikolay P. Goncharov
Wheat heading time is primarily governed by two loci: VRN-1 (response to vernalization) and PPD-1 (response to photoperiod). Five sets of near-isogenic lines (NILs) were studied with the aim of investigating the effect of the aforementioned genes on wheat vegetative period duration and 14 yield-related traits. Every NIL was sown in the hydroponic greenhouse of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS. To assess their allelic composition at the VRN-1 and PPD-1 loci, molecular markers were used. It was shown that HT in plants with the <i>Vrn-A1vrn-B1vrn-D1</i> genotype was reduced by 29 and 21 days (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in comparison to HT in plants with the <i>vrn-A1Vrn-B1vrn-D1</i> and the <i>vrn-A1vrn-B1Vrn-D1</i> genotypes, respectively. In our study, we noticed a decrease in spike length as well as spikelet number per spike parameter for some NIL carriers of the Vrn-A1a allele in comparison to carriers of the <i>Vrn-B1</i> allele. PCA revealed three first principal components (PC), together explaining more than 70% of the data variance. Among the studied genetic traits, the <i>Vrn-A1a</i> and <i>Ppd-D1a</i> alleles showed significant correlations with PCs. Regarding genetic components, significant correlations were calculated between PC3 and <i>Ppd-B1a</i> (−0.26, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and <i>Vrn-B1</i> (0.57, <i>p</i> < 0.05) alleles. Thus, the presence of the <i>Vrn-A1a</i> allele affects heading time, while <i>Ppd-D1a</i> is associated with plant height reduction.
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