Valorization of Bioactive Compounds from Two Underutilized Wild Fruits by Microencapsulation in Order to Formulate Value-Added Food Products
2023
Mamadou Abdoulaye Konaré | Nina Nicoleta Condurache | Issiaka Togola | Bogdan Păcularu-Burada | Nouhoum Diarra | Nicoleta Stănciuc | Gabriela Râpeanu
Currently, microencapsulation has become a viable method of nutrient delivery for the food industry. This work microencapsulated the bioactive compounds extracted from two neglected species (<i>Balanites aegyptiaca</i> and <i>Ziziphus mauritiana</i>) by freeze-drying. A combination of wall materials (whey protein and pectin; soy protein and maltodextrin) was chosen to prepare the microcapsules. The phytochemical and physicochemical characterization of the microcapsules was then carried out. The encapsulation yield ranged from 82.77% to 96.05% for <i>Balanites</i> and <i>Ziziphus</i>, respectively, whereas the efficiency was 76.18 ± 1.39% and 80.93 ± 1.71%. The stimulated <i>in vitro</i> gastrointestinal test showed that encapsulation increased the bioavailability of the bioactive compounds. The total carotenoids were the most bioavailable compounds with 85.89 ± 0.06% for <i>Ziziphus</i> and 70.46 ± 1.10% for <i>Balanites</i>, followed by total flavonoids for <i>Zizyphus</i> with 63.27 ± 1.56%. Furthermore, regardless of species or wavelengths, the HPLC analysis resulted in the identification of 17 bioactive metabolites. The predominant one was epicatechin, whose level ranged from 231.52 ± 5.06 to 250.99 ± 3.72 mg/100 g DW in <i>Ziziphus</i> and 91.80 ± 3.85 to 116.40 ± 4.09 mg/100 g DW in <i>Balanites</i>. In estimating the enzyme inhibition and antioxidant power, both studied fruits showed antidiabetic, inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. These findings suggest that natural bioactive compounds are abundant in the fruits of <i>Z. mauritiana</i> and <i>B. aegyptiaca</i> and could be a valuable source for the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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