Use of Extracted Proteins from <i>Oak Leaves</i> as Bio-Coagulant for Water and Wastewater Treatment: Optimization by a Fractional Factorial Design
2023
Abderrezzaq Benalia | Walid Chaibraa | Sara Djeghar | Kerroum Derbal | Amel Khalfaoui | Asma Mahfouf | Raouf Bouchareb | Antonio Panico | Antonio Pizzi
The present work sheds light on the potentiality of proteins extracted from oak <i>(Quercus robur</i>) leaves to treat both drinking water and industrial oily wastewater. The work was structured in three steps: firstly, <i>oak leaves</i> in powder form were analyzed by FTIR, XRD and SEM, thus showing the presence of proteins acting as bio-coagulants; secondly, an experimental design was conducted. According to the design of experiences based on fractional design (2<sup>8−4</sup>), the highest protein concentration (4.895 mg/g) was obtained for the following operating parameters: no filtration, pH of 12, temperature of 20 °C, stirring speed of 300 rpm, stirring time of 60 min, maceration time of 4 h, centrifugation speed of 400 rpm, centrifugation time of 10 min. Finally, a jar test apparatus was used to study the effects of proteins from <i>oak leaves</i> on the characteristics of both drinking water and industrial oily wastewater. In drinking water, the turbidity was reduced from 15.7 to 4.82 NTU when 0.098 mg/L of <i>oak leaves</i> protein was added, thus satisfying the requirements of the national drinking water standards; whereas, in industrial oily wastewater turbidity, total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and organic matter were reduced by 96.87, 89.86, 96.39 and 46.28%, respectively, when 0.538 mg/L of <i>oak leaves</i> protein was added. This study opens new perspectives related to the research and development of organic coagulants applicable to industrial wastewater treatment.
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