Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia, DNA fragmentation, neurotransmitters inhibition, oxidative damage, histopathological and morphometric changes: the protective role of soybean oil

Abstract Background Triton WR1339 (Tyloxapol) is the nonionic detergent, which is able to increase the oxidative markers. This oxidation have a crucial effect on the pathological processes. Vegetable oils, such as soy, are recommended for human consumption due to the presence of high content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Therefore, the effect of Triton WR1339 and soybean oil on biochemical parameters was tested in our study. Aim The objective of this study is to investigate the possible protective effects of soybean oil against Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia, DNA fragmentation, oxidative damage, neurotransmitters inhibition, and changes in histological and morphometric analysis of the liver and dorsal aorta of male rats. Methods Animals were treated with Triton WR-1339 (50 mg/kg BW) and soybean oil (50 mg/kg BW) for 28 days. Oxidative stress markers; antioxidant enzymes activity; biochemical parameters, such as acetylcholinesterase and mono aminoxidase, transaminases, phosphatases, lactate dehydrogenase, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, and lipid profile; DNA fragmentation; as well as histopathological and morphmetric analysis of the liver and dorsal aorta were investigated. Results Triton WR-1339 increased oxidative stress through an elevation in TBARS associated with depletion in glutathione and the activities of GST, SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT in plasma, liver, and brain. Triton WR-1339 induced DNA fragmentation and inhibited the activities of acetylcholinesterase and mono aminoxidase in the brain. Plasma biochemical parameters including transaminases, phosphatases, lactate dehydrogenase, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, total lipid, cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL were increased, while total protein, albumin, and high HDL were decreased due to Triton WR-1339-treatment. The histopathological and morphmetric analysis of the liver and dorsal aorta revealed alterations after Triton WR-1339-treatment. The presence of soybean oil with Triton WR-1339 minimized its hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity via hypolipidemic effects and attenuated the oxidative damage. Conclusion Soybean oil showed hypolipidemic effects and antioxidant activity, so it could be used as a hypolipidemic agent.