Heat Stress Induces Shifts in the Rumen Bacteria and Metabolome of Buffalo
2022
Zichen Wang | Kaifeng Niu | Hossam E. Rushdi | Mingyue Zhang | Tong Fu | Tengyun Gao | Liguo Yang | Shenhe Liu | Feng Lin
Exposure to the stress (HS) negatively affects physiology, performance, reproduction and welfare of buffalo. However, the mechanisms by which HS negatively affects rumen bacteria and its associated metabolism in buffalo are not well known yet. This study aimed to gain insight into the adaption of bacteria and the complexity of the metabolome in the rumen of six buffalo during HS using 16S rDNA and gas chromatography metabolomics analyses. HS increased respiratory rate (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and skin temperature (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and it decreased the content of acetic acid (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and butyric acid (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the rumen. Omics sequencing revealed that the relative abundances of <i>Lachnospirales</i>, <i>Lachnospiraceae</i>, <i>Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group</i> and <i>Clostridia_UCG-014</i> were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) higher under HS than non-heat stress conditions. Several bacteria at different levels, such as <i>Lactobacillales</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i>, <i>Leuconostocaceae</i> and <i>Leissella</i>, were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) more abundant in the rumen of the non-heat stress than HS condition. Thirty-two significantly different metabolites closely related to HS were identified (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Metabolic pathway analysis revealed four key pathways: D-Alanine metabolism; Lysine degradation, Tropane; piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis; and Galactose metabolism. In summary, HS may negatively affected rumen fermentation efficiency and changed the composition of rumen community and metabolic function.
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