Molecular Characterization of ASFV and Differential Diagnosis of <i>Erysipelothrix</i> in ASFV-Infected Pigs in Pig Production Regions in Cameroon
2022
Ebanja Joseph Ebwanga | Stephen Mbigha Ghogomu | Jan Paeshuyse
African swine fever and swine erysipelas are two devastating diseases with similar manifestations ravaging the domestic pig industry. Only a single phylogenetic study has been carried out in Cameroon, and neither an extensive genotyping aimed at identifying the different serotypes nor has an appropriate differential diagnosis of different species of <i>Erysipelothrix</i> has been effected in ASF-infected animals. Of the 377 blood or tissue samples randomly collected from pig farms and slaughter slabs from January to August 2020, 120 were positive for ASFV (by PCR), giving a prevalence of 31.83%. Intragenomic resolution through sequencing divulged the presence of genotypes I, and Ia, two variants with 19 (ABNAAAACBNABTDBNAFA) and six (ABNAFA) tandem repeat sequences (TRS), serotype IV, and a single GGAATATATA repeat. The sole presence of <i>E. tonsillarum</i> (avirulent species) and not <i>E. rhusiopathiae</i> (virulent species) indicates that the severity observed during the 2020 ASF outbreak in the sampled regions was exclusively due to ASFV genotype I infection. Such characterisations are necessary for designing effective control measures and future potential vaccine candidates.
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