Obesity Aggravates the Clinical Profile of COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in the North of Mato Grosso, Brazil: A Cohort Study
2025
Karla Kelly Paniago Miranda dos Santos | Mauro André Azevedo Silva Kaiser Cabral | Vinícius Tadeu Ribeiro Mattar | Felipe Cézar de Oliveira Costa | Rayane Manoel Garcia | Breno Marcos Brito do Valle | Diogo Albino de Queiroz | André Ferreira do Nascimento | Renata de Azevedo Melo Luvizotto | Eveline Aparecida Isquierdo Fonseca de Queiroz
COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, has significantly impacted global health, particularly among patients with obesity. This study evaluates the prevalence and effects of overweight and obesity on the clinical profiles and complications of COVID-19 patients admitted to a hospital in Northern Mato Grosso. We conducted a retrospective cohort study analyzing medical records of COVID-19 patients hospitalized from March 2020 to March 2021. Patients were classified into normal body weight, overweight, and obesity groups. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis’s test and Dunn’s post-test (continuous variables) or by the chi-square test (χ<sup>2</sup>) (categorical variables). Among 145 ward records, 24.1% were normal body weight, 46.2% were overweight, and 29.7% were obese. In the intensive care unit, data from 243 patients indicated that 17.3% were normal body weight, 37.9% were overweight, and 44.9% were obese, highlighting a concerning prevalence of overweight/obesity. Chest computed tomography revealed that moderate pulmonary involvement (25–50%) was most frequent in the overweight group, while severe involvement (>50%) was predominant in the obesity group. The obesity group experienced more complications, including increased use of mechanical ventilation. Notably, in both settings, mortality rates were higher among patients with overweight and obesity. This study concludes that overweight and obesity significantly worsen COVID-19 outcomes.
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