Oxidoreductases provide a more generic response to metallic stressors (Cu and Cd) than hydrolases in soil fungi: new ecotoxicological insights
2016
Lebrun, Jérémie, D. | Demont-Caulet, Nathalie | Cheviron, Nathalie | Laval, Karine | Trinsoutrot-Gattin, Isabelle | Mougin, Christian | Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés (UR HBAN) ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Unité de recherche en agro-écologie des territoires (AGRI'TERR) ; École supérieure d'ingénieurs et de techniciens pour l'agriculture (ESITPA) | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | Hydrosystèmes continentaux anthropisés : ressources, risques, restauration (UR HYCAR) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
The present study investigates the effect of metals on the secretion of enzymes from12 fungal strains maintained in liquid cultures. Hydrolases (acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase) and ligninolytic oxidoreductases (laccase, Mn, and lignin peroxidases) activities, as well as biomass production, were measured in culture fluids from fungi exposed to Cu or Cd. Our results showed that all fungi secreted most of the selected hydrolases and that about 50 % of them produced a partial oxidative system in the absence of metals. Then, exposure of fungi to metals led to the decrease in biomass production. At the enzymatic level, Cu and Cd modified the secretion profiles of soil fungi. The response of hydrolases to metals was contrasted and complex and depended on metal, enzyme, and fungal strain considered. By contrast, the metals always stimulated the activity of ligninolytic oxidoreductases in fungal strains. In some of them, oxidoreductases were specifically produced following metal exposure. Fungal oxidoreductases provide a more generic response than hydrolases, constituting thus a physiological basis for their use as biomarkers of metal exposure in soils.
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