Dynamics and biological relevance of DNA demethylation in Arabidopsis antibacterial defense
2013
Yu, Agnès | Lepère, Gersende | Jay, Florence | Wang, Jingyu | Bapaume, Laure | Wang, Yu | Abraham, Anne-Laure | Penterman, Jon | Fischer, Robert. L | Voinnet, Olivier | Navarro, Lionel | Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS) ; Département de Biologie - ENS-PSL (IBENS) ; École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) | Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP) ; Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Department of Biology ; University of Memphis | Institute for Bioinformatics and Research and Development | Department of Plant and Microbial Biology | Action Thematique et Incitative sur Programme (ATIP)/Avenir Grant from the Fondation Bettencourt Schueller (FBS) ; Region Ile-de-France ; European Research Council (ERC) ; Fondation Pierre-Gilles de Gennes ; United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA R01GM069415.
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark that silences transposable elements (TEs) and repeats. Whereas the establishment and maintenance of DNA methylation are relatively well understood, little is known about their dynamics and biological relevance in plant and animal innate immunity. Here, we show that some TEs are demethylated and transcriptionally reactivated during antibacterial defense in Arabidopsis. This effect is correlated with the down-regulation of key transcriptional gene silencing factors and is partly dependent on an active demethylation process. DNA demethylation restricts multiplication and vascular propagation of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae in leaves and, accordingly, some immune-response genes, containing repeats in their promoter regions, are negatively regulated by DNA methylation. This study provides evidence that DNA demethylation is part of a plant-induced immune response, potentially acting to prime transcriptional activation of some defense genes linked to TEs/repeats.
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