Rethinking climate engineering categorization in the context of climate change mitigation and adaptation
2014
Boucher, Olivier | Forster, Piers M. | Gruber, Nicolas | Ha-Duong, Minh | Lawrence, Mark G. | Lenton, Timothy M. | Maas, Achim | Vaughan, Naomi E. | Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD) ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X) ; Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-École nationale des ponts et chaussées (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS-PSL ; École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) | Systèmes et Applications des Technologies de l'Information et de l'Energie (SATIE) ; École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP) ; Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [Cnam] (Cnam)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics [ETH Zürich] (IBP) ; Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS) ; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)-Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich) | centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-École nationale des ponts et chaussées (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Concordia University [Montreal] | Chemistry ; California Institute of Technology (CALTECH) | Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies [Potsdam] (IASS) | Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research ; University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA) | School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich] ; University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA)
International audience
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]英语. The portfolio of approaches to respond to the challenges posed by anthropogenic climate change has broadened beyond mitigation and adaptation with the recent discussion of potential climate engineering options. How to define and categorize climate engineering options has been a recurring issue in both public and specialist discussions. We assert here that current definitions of mitigation, adaptation and climate engineering are ambiguous, overlap with each other and thus contribute to confusing the discourse on how to tackle anthropogenic climate change. We propose a new and more inclusive categorization into five different classes: anthropogenic emissions reductions (of short-lived climate agents and long-lived greenhouse gases, abbreviated AER, territorial or domestic removal of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases (D-GGR), trans-territorial or trans-boundary removal of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases (T-GGR), regional to planetary targeted climate and environmental modification (TCM), and climate change adaptation measures (including local targeted climate and environmental modification, abbreviated CCAM). Thus, we suggest that techniques for domestic greenhouse gas removal might better be thought of as forming a separate category alongside more traditional mitigation techniques that consist of emissions reductions. Local targeted climate modification can be seen as an adaptation measure as long as there are no detectable remote environmental effects. In both cases, the scale and intensity of action are essential attributes from the technological, climatic and political viewpoints. Whilst some of the boundaries in this revised classification depend on policy and judgement, it offers a foundation for debating on how to define and categorize climate engineering options and differentiate them from both mitigation and adaptation measures to climate change.
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