Isolation, characterization, and survival strategies of Thermotoga sp. strain PD524, a hyperthermophile from a hot spring in Northern Thailand.

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A hyperthermophilic Thermotoga sp. strain PD524 was isolated from a hot spring in Northern Thailand. Cells were long-curved rods (0.5-0.6 × 2.5-10 μm) surrounded by a typical outer membrane toga. Strain PD524 is aero-tolerant at 4 °C but is aero-sensitive at 80 °C. A heat resistant subpopulation was observed in late-stationary phase. Cells from late-stationary phase were revealed remarkably less sensitive to 0.001 % SDS treatment than cells from exponential phase. The temperature range for growth was 70-85 °C (opt. temp. 80 °C), pH range was 6-8.5 (opt. pH 7.5-8.0), and NaCl range of 0 to <10 g/L (opt. 0.5 g/L). Glucose, sucrose, maltose, fructose, xylose, mannose, arabinose, trehalose, starch, and cellobiose were utilized as growth substrates. Growth was inhibited by S(o). Growth yield was stimulated by SO 4 (=) but not by S2O 3 (=) and NO3 (-). Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence (KF164213) of strain PD524 revealed closest similarity (96 %) to Thermotoga maritima MSB8(T), T. neapolitana NES(T), T. petrophila RKU-1(T), and T. naphthophila RKU-10(T)

This work was supported by the following grants: the Scientific Promotion and Development Fund, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University (SFR-SRG-2558-01) and the Silpakorn University Research and Development Institution from Thailand; and the Ministry of Economy and Productivity (Consolider CSD2009-00006) and the Andalusian Government (BIO288) from Spain with participation of FEDER funds. FTR acknowledges support from the NASA Exobiology Program, the US National Science Foundation and the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Special thanks to Witoon Wattananit, Scientific and Technological Equipment Centre, Silpakorn University for the SEM work and to Juergen Wiegel for helpful comments and discussion. This paper is IMET Contribution No 15-157.

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